National Development Program of the Kyrgyz Republic until 2026

I. INTRODUCTION

The National Development Program of the Kyrgyz Republic until 2026 (hereinafter referred to as the Program), aimed at improving the well-being of citizens, was developed within the framework of the National Development Strategy of the Kyrgyz Republic until 2040, maintaining the principle of continuity based on the long-term strategic goals of the country’s development with a focus on people and an emphasis on the fundamental the “leave no one behind” commitment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The need to develop a new policy document is related to the changes that have occurred in the country over the past few years: firstly, the spread of coronavirus infection and its negative impact on the quality of life of citizens and the socio-economic situation; secondly, in October 2020, the country once again experienced socio-political upheavals associated with a change in political leadership; thirdly, restrictions in interaction with the outside world have sharply increased and opportunities for access to resources have narrowed. In essence, a new reality has emerged in which certain restrictions may remain indefinitely.

In this regard, the relevance of this document lies in the formation of a new vision for further development, taking into account the changes that have occurred in the country, region and world. The program should be considered as a state document that defines the image of the country's future and guidelines for the entire public administration system. The provisions and principles of the Program should form the basis of sectoral and territorial development documents in the Kyrgyz Republic.

1.1. Goals and priorities

The general picture of the future is connected with the long-term development of the Kyrgyz Republic (until 2040) as an integral, independent and comfortable country for people with great opportunities and the right to choose their lives, a country of free and wealthy citizens.

The goals of the Program are to improve the well-being of citizens by creating an environment for the socio-economic development of the country, implementing anti-crisis measures and laying the foundations for the successful achievement of long-term development goals.

Today, the Kyrgyz Republic is ranked 120th out of 189 countries in the Human Development Index, and 96th out of 141 countries in the Global Competitiveness Index. In recent years, the country's position on these indices has been deteriorating. Based on the results of the implementation of this Program, it is expected that the Kyrgyz Republic will improve its position in key international rankings. Significant progress will be made in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals.

The implementation of the Program will ensure an increase in the country's national wealth and the well-being of its citizens by at least a quarter. Economic growth will become sustainable, income inequality will decrease, and the middle class will expand. The main priorities of economic policy will be the support and development of labor-intensive sectors of the economy.

Positive changes will occur in the village, which will reduce the gap in the quality of life with the city. New enterprises will be launched and jobs will be created. The streets of cities and villages will become cleaner and safer. People will have faith in the future, they will be able to fully realize themselves in their homeland. The gradual introduction of decent work standards (decent wages, decent employment, social partnership) will become the basis for human well-being and the development of the country.

This Program is aimed at achieving the following targets:

1. ensuring an average annual rate of real economic growth of 5%;

2. achieving a per capita GDP of at least US$1,500;

3. reducing the unemployment rate to 5%;

4. ensuring an annual influx of foreign direct investment of at least 13% of GDP;

5. maintaining the size of public external debt at a level of no more than 60% of GDP;

6. improving the indicator of the Kyrgyz Republic in the ranking on the human development index by 5 positions;

7. improvement of the Kyrgyz Republic’s ranking in the Global Competitiveness Index by 10 positions; 

8. reducing the poverty level of the population to 20%, including the level of child poverty to 25%;

9. ensuring at least 50% of school graduates who have achieved a basic level of functional literacy according to the results of the All-Republican testing;

10. the country's entry into the top 60 countries according to the e-government development index;

11. reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 17%;

12. improvement of the Kyrgyz Republic's performance in the Corruption Perceptions Index ranking by 10 positions.

As part of the implementation of the Program, measures are provided in seven priority areas:

1. anti-crisis measures;

2. management reform;

3. creating an environment for development;

4. key sectors of the economy;

5. social development;

6. foreign policy and national security;

7. special priorities.

Priority measures should ensure an anti-crisis management regime, focused on stabilizing the situation and controlling manageability within the public administration system, which is a priority for any subsequent constructive steps.

The country has accumulated many systemic issues that have not been resolved for a long time. These problems can be observed in the institutional and structural transformations of the social, political and economic planes. The second main emphasis of the Program will be on solving the most pressing of them.

State policy will be aimed at overcoming the situation of geo-economic restrictions, limitations in energy, financial and technological resources. This priority is strategic for the Kyrgyz Republic.

The main priorities of the Program are aimed at long-term development, the launch of system-forming projects that determine the future of the country.

1.2. Basic principles of the Program

Important conditions for the successful implementation of the Program are consistency and commitment to the intended course. In this regard, it is necessary to identify key values ​​and principles, opportunities and prohibitions.

Firstly, every citizen of the Kyrgyz Republic must be protected from violence and humiliation, dangers and arbitrariness. The constitutional duty of the state is to ensure guarantees of human rights and freedoms.

Secondly, the diversity of cultures and beliefs is a strategic resource for the development of the country. State policy must ensure national harmony, strengthening civil and interethnic understanding.

Thirdly, at all levels of government there must be a transition to a new model based on the principle “you need to invest more, eat less.” State expenditures on education and health care, the care economy must be considered as an investment in future standards of living, an investment in people and the formation of a development environment.

Fourthly, the maximum outsourcing of economic and other functions of government bodies that can be implemented by the private sector, liberation from unusual functions. Emphasis on creating a favorable and fair environment, ensuring guarantees of security and stability of the institutions of inviolability of property, the effectiveness of contract law, and the fairness of dispute resolution.

Fifthly, the principle of openness of the country's economy and the strategic need for integration into international processes must be preserved. The use of integration institutions will expand our capabilities in promoting national interests.

Sixth, a focus on creating strong and independent regions, including through investing in them and promoting the formation of points of regional growth. A new, up-to-date model of administrative-territorial structure is required that meets the requirements of the time and the needs of society.

Seventh, the country has limited resources, so it is necessary not to dilute, but to focus them on priority areas in which the country is competitive - agriculture, hydropower, tourism, mining and light industry. It is important to implement programs for efficiency and rational use of strategic resources.

II. ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION

2.1. Socio-political situation

Over the years of independence, the Kyrgyz Republic has experienced a number of political upheavals, which are the result of a number of unresolved deep-seated social crises, the lack of strong government, a high degree of corruption, and injustice in the distribution of development results.

After the events of April 2010, a new Constitution was adopted in the Kyrgyz Republic, which outlined the vector of movement towards parliamentary democracy. Presidential elections in 2011 and parliamentary elections in 2015 strengthened the foundations of democracy. Presidential elections in October 2017 led to a democratic

transfer of power and was considered by the international community as an important milestone in the country's political development.

The following years became a period of clashing interests of political groups, many personnel appointments were politicized. The parliamentary elections in October 2020, the results of which were not recognized by the public, led to a change in the country's top political leadership.

Currently, the country is in a phase of political stabilization. A constitutional reform has been carried out, key laws have been adopted, and the status of many constitutional bodies has been determined. An inventory of legislation is ongoing to bring the regulatory framework into compliance with the new Constitution.

Despite all the conditions created to ensure social and political stability in the country, the key problems remain numerous violations and non-compliance with legislation in the areas of customs regulation, execution of punishments, forensic support, government procurement, fiscal and licensing activities, management of state property and municipal property . Many violations are noted in the law enforcement and judicial systems, which are obliged to guarantee and ensure this legality.

2.2. Macroeconomic imbalance

The economy of the Kyrgyz Republic in 2020 experienced a crisis drop in GDP production by 8.6%, which is the worst indicator in the last two decades. GDP per capita amounted to 1,224 US dollars and was low among the EAEU member states.

Such a significant deterioration is associated with the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the country’s high degree of dependence on external factors. Firstly, the quarantine measures taken to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection led to a sharp drop in business activity. Almost all activities of small and medium-sized businesses, construction, transport, and a number of industrial enterprises were suspended, and the service sector was seriously affected.

Secondly, the slowdown in economic activity in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan led to a decline in remittances and a decline in domestic demand. The total volume of transfers decreased by 1.4% in 2020, and real income of the population decreased by 5.1%, which seriously affected domestic consumption and construction activity.

Thirdly, a sharp drop in imports from the People's Republic of China by more than 2 times had a negative impact on domestic production, re-export activities and, as a consequence, the loss of state budget revenues. Fourthly, there was a suspension of existing investment projects, and an outflow of investment was recorded.

In the context of economic sectors, the decline in GDP by 8.6% was due to a decrease in production in construction by 15.9%, and retail trade by 15.7%. In such areas as hotel and restaurant services, as well as passenger transportation, an almost two-fold drop in the volume of services provided was recorded. Industrial production fell by 7.5%, and in the mining industry the fall was 22.4%. There were virtually no changes in agriculture.

It is necessary to note that the structure of the economy has changed over the past 20 years. The share of agriculture decreased from 37% to 14%, while the share of trade and services increased significantly from 32% to 46%.

The growth in consumer prices amounted to an average annual rate of 6.3%. The exchange rate fell after a long period of stability, and the devaluation of the national currency against the US dollar amounted to 18.9%, which is associated with a fall in the volume of remittances and a reduction in the volume of re-export transactions.

In the medium term, fiscal consolidation remains a priority for the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic. Revenue collection rates fell from 20-21% of GDP in 2017-2019 to 18% of GDP in 2020. The decline in economic activity within the country and the decline in the volume of re-export transactions led to limited tax revenues as a result of a decrease in the tax base and imperfect tax administration.

The reform program considers improving administration and introducing digitalization of individual components of tax administration. The budget deficit in 2020 reached 3.3% of GDP, which is significantly higher than in previous years, when the average level was 1.4%. The main source of covering financial gaps is external official assistance from donors. The country's dependence on external assistance is manifested in both investment and operational activities of the state.

An ill-conceived borrowing policy in the period 2010-2020 led to a noticeable deterioration in the state of external debt management. The structure of external debt has changed not for the better in terms of the intended purpose of borrowings and their geographical distribution. In contrast to the previous decade, the share of borrowing to finance current consumption has increased, and the People's Republic of China has become the dominant creditor of the Kyrgyz Republic in a short period of time.

There is an urgent question about the effectiveness of using external borrowings. The sectors that received the largest share of external financing, energy and transport, have not become sustainable and are dependent on external support.

Difficulties with the current liquidity of the state budget put pressure on the ability to service external debt. The country was forced to turn to creditors with a request to extend current payments. Some bilateral creditors have agreed to defer the repayment of external debt for an average period of 3 years.

External debt has increased over the past few years and amounted to 58.3% of GDP in 2020. The volume of funds allocated for servicing external debt is 9.4% of the entire expenditure portion of the state budget or 2.7% of GDP. In 2023-2025, an increase in payments on external debt will begin.

The problem of servicing external debt will be one of the critical issues in the medium term. The high sensitivity of the debt level to the country's fiscal indicators indicates the need to maintain strict fiscal discipline.

The balance of payments will be under pressure. The reasons for the difficult situation are limited opportunities for key factors: proceeds from export and re-export operations, transfers from labor migrants, and a drop in the influx of foreign investment.

The trade deficit in 2020 was US$1.7 billion or 22% of GDP. 2020 saw an outflow of foreign direct investment of US$939 million for the first time in many years.

2.3. Business environment and infrastructure

The effects of COVID-19 and the political turmoil in October 2020 have negatively impacted the business and investment environment. The greatest negative manifestations are observed in the sectors of mining, construction, professional, scientific and technical activities.

An unfavorable business environment is formed as a result of unresolved business security issues. According to a 2020 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development study, surveys of business representatives and targeted interviews indicate high levels of corruption. This is also reflected in Kyrgyzstan's position in the rankings compiled by Transparency International and in the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) conducted by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank, which show that the frequency of bribery in the Kyrgyz Republic very high compared to the average for Central Asia.

At the same time, systemic internal problems in doing business remain. Preferential taxes, affordable financing and a favorable regulatory regime for small and medium-sized businesses are encouraging national businesses to operate in small formats. In the World Bank's Doing Business ranking in 2019, the Kyrgyz Republic ranked 70th among 190 countries, behind the Republic of Kazakhstan (28th place), but ahead of the Republic of Uzbekistan (76th place) and the Republic of Tajikistan (126th place). The lowest indicators remain: access to electricity (174th place), payment of taxes (150th place) and enforcement of contracts (131st place).

Of particular concern is the high share of the informal economy, where more than 70% of the working population is involved and covered in unregulated relationships. Given this state of affairs, it is difficult to influence the economy through government fiscal stimulus and other official support measures.

Delayed litigation and enforcement of court decisions have a serious impact on business development. As a result, the rule of law and sufficient protection of property rights are not fully ensured.

The condition of basic infrastructures, which are close to critical levels, is a significant factor limiting development. Depreciation of fixed assets exceeds 80%. Reform of the entire housing and communal services system is required. The quality of services provided is very low, the tariff system is economically ineffective, and resources are spent in a non-transparent manner. The main factor for the survival of most public infrastructures is a series of direct and indirect subsidies from the government.

2.4. Social justice

The social system does not cope with its functions in full, despite investments in this area. Constant socio-political upheavals are associated with a low degree of satisfaction with the quality of life. The country is in 120th place out of 189 in the Human Development Index ranking.

The population rightfully expresses dissatisfaction with the basic sectors that ensure human life. The key point is excessive social obligations coupled with low levels of resource provision and ineffective government policies. The total share of government spending allocated to the social sector amounts to more than 50% of total state budget expenditures.

Poverty levels have decreased in recent years. However, the economic crisis of 2020 led to an increase in the poverty rate of the population to 25.3%. The child poverty rate in 2020 was 31.8%. The most vulnerable are Batken, Jalal-Abad and Naryn regions. Of significant concern is the increase in the number of people living in poverty, which poses a significant challenge to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The likelihood of further deterioration of the situation depends on the depth and duration of the current crisis, since the population density close to the poverty line is very high.

Despite the fact that a significant part of the state budget is allocated to the education and health sectors, the level of quality of services received by the population is extremely low. In the field of school education, the Kyrgyz Republic has so far demonstrated the worst results in the international PISA testing. The main factors of a weak educational system are low motivation of teachers and educators, as well as insufficient

level of technical and methodological support for schools. The skill level of the workforce and the existing system of technical and vocational education and training need further support and development. About a third of companies note that the level of training and education of the workforce does not meet market requirements; 21% of officially registered unemployed people have higher professional education, but remain unclaimed. Labor productivity, despite slight growth, remains the lowest in the Central Asian region.

The situation related to the spread of COVID-19 in 2020 demonstrated the collapse of the healthcare system. Since independence, this sector has always been a priority and received a significant amount of funding. The crisis has revealed systemic problems in almost all areas: in the training and lack of medical personnel, methods and standards of treatment, lack of necessary infrastructure and equipment, and the supply of medicines and medicines. All levels of the healthcare system were unprepared for the pandemic.

There are significant disparities in health and well-being between regions, between cities and rural areas. There is a significant gap between high and low rates of infant and under-5 mortality.

According to the global health security index, the Kyrgyz Republic ranked 47th out of 195 countries in 2019. The weakest element was the ability to respond systemically to health emergencies, which was confirmed during the spread of COVID-19. The potential of the healthcare system was noted in terms of the supply of medical personnel and the lack of infrastructure to prevent infectious diseases. Environmental factors, such as access to clean drinking water and sanitation infrastructure, have a significant impact.

One of the limitations on the country's development is the high level of unemployment. The situation on the labor market is characterized by an excess of low-skilled labor and an acute shortage of qualified personnel.

The share of women in employment is low – 42% and concentrated in low productivity sectors. More than 61% of women work in the informal sector. The salary level is almost a quarter less than that of men for comparable work. About half of young people entering the labor market lack the cognitive and technical skills needed to secure quality jobs. More than 70% of the total number of employed youth work in the informal sector.

From the standpoint of achieving gender equality, significant regression has emerged with the underrepresentation of women in public administration.

The issue of labor migration remains open. There are currently no exact statistics regarding labor migration, however, according to various estimates, this figure fluctuates in the range of 500-750 thousand people. About 80% of migrants have secondary general education, which determines their employment in low-skilled positions. The main countries of residence for compatriots are the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. At the same time, in recent years there has been an increase in interest in Turkey and the Republic of Korea.

In 2020, the volume of inflow of remittances from labor migrants from foreign countries decreased and amounted to 2,377.2 million US dollars, which is about 31% in relation to GDP. The decrease in the volume of official transfers was due to a decrease in business activity in host countries.

The accession of the Kyrgyz Republic to the EAEU in August 2015 reduced barriers to the activities of labor migrants in the Russian Federation. It should be noted that a number of measures to support labor resources on the part of Turkey and cultural commonality created the basis for the development of this direction by labor migrants.

The number of people of working age in the next 5 years will increase by 250 thousand people, which is almost 2 times the number of new jobs. Migration as a systemic phenomenon will take place in the economy of the Kyrgyz Republic. Subject to dependency

economy from remittances, improving the professional qualifications of labor migrants, diversifying directions for labor migration and the ability to quickly socially integrate are crucial in the medium term.

2.5. The rule of law and ensuring the rule of law. Law enforcement and security

Currently, the Kyrgyz Republic is experiencing the influence of global political processes taking place in the world and regional arenas.

At the same time, the development of the situation in Afghanistan, in connection with the withdrawal of troops of the international coalition led by the United States, associated with the threats of international terrorism, extremism, separatism and increased drug production, is one of the key threats to the security of Central Asia in general and the Kyrgyz Republic in particular.

Different views and the lack of a unified approach on the part of the countries of the Central Asian region to existing problems, including water use, energy, uncontrolled migration and especially issues of border delimitation and demarcation create a real threat to the national security interests of the country, which has already resulted in a large-scale border conflict with numerous casualties among the population.

In addition, against the backdrop of political instability, internal problems related to ensuring public safety and law and order in the country were clearly exposed. In particular, organized crime is a serious threat to the security of the country and has an impact on almost all spheres of society. Of particular concern are the facts of the merging of crime with individual representatives of government and government, including in the law enforcement system.

Often, ordinary citizens not only do not find adequate protection from law enforcement agencies, but, on the contrary, become victims of the actions of individual representatives of law enforcement agencies, for whom the main criterion for assessing their activities is the level of detection of crimes. As a result, a significant part of the country's population does not trust law enforcement agencies and does not feel safe.

The judicial branch of government is one of the main components of the foundations of the state, ensuring legal stability in the country, allowing for the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens and legal entities, creating the necessary conditions for political and economic activity. Building a democratic, developed state is impossible without creating a fair and independent judicial system.

However, the country's judicial system continues to face both old and new problems that require radical solutions, and the system itself requires significant changes aimed at improving the quality of the administration of justice, the authority of the courts and public trust in judges.

There is a decrease in the level of professionalism in carrying out assigned tasks to ensure public order, security, protection of life, health of citizens and their property, including what became possible as a result of non-compliance by law enforcement officers with ethical standards of conduct.

2.6. Sustainability

The Kyrgyz Republic ranks 105 among 180 countries on the environmental performance index. Despite regular statements about the country’s environmental friendliness and priorities on “green” sustainable development, the country’s actions to preserve natural ecosystems and protect the full range of biodiversity are insufficient.

The level of degradation of pasture lands raises critical concerns. Excessive and unregulated grazing and deforestation cause soil erosion and affect agriculture. Climate change risks are expected to have an additional negative impact on governance issues.

The issue of low access and poor provision of water supply and sanitation services has not been resolved. About 20% of the rural population does not have access to clean drinking water. Water quality is also insufficient, as 40% of water in rural areas is not properly treated.

The sanitary situation is deteriorating, as access to centralized sewerage systems accounts for less than a third of existing needs. This problem within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals is noted as a significant challenge to the management system of the country and territories.

The wastewater and sanitation sector, like the water supply sector, is characterized by insufficient investment, a weak regulatory environment, and poor financial and operational management.

The country has huge water resources - about 47 cubic meters. km of surface river flow, while the Kyrgyz Republic uses about 20% of the river flow. The poor condition of the irrigation infrastructure requires attention and its speedy rehabilitation and further development. The main problems are the lack of effective management of water resources in market conditions, the unsatisfactory technical condition of the irrigation infrastructure due to deterioration of structures, the lack of funds for repairs and maintenance, as well as the construction of new facilities.

With enormous hydropower potential, the Kyrgyz Republic has one of the most energy-intensive economies. The reasons are the low level of technological modernization of the economy and the politicization of the pricing process in the energy sector. This generally affects the lack of investment interest in this sector and the efficiency of use of energy resources. The lack of investment in hydropower assets in recent years has led to a significant increase in coal production and consumption.

2.7. International aspects

The Kyrgyz Republic is moving towards further integration into the international community. In the spring of 2015, a decision was made on the entry of the Kyrgyz Republic into the EAEU. For business and society as a whole, this step brings certain opportunities, but also increases competition with other economies of the union. The country needs to form a new economic model with a transition from re-export operations to the formation of competitive production potential. Membership in the EAEU in the medium term involves gradual harmonization of the financial, energy, transport and technological markets.

Interregional integration also continues to be hampered by weaknesses in the logistics sector, including inefficiencies in customs and border clearance and the quality of related infrastructure. The degree of economic protectionism in the region remains high, which limits the possibilities for promoting national products.

The Kyrgyz Republic actively participates in international initiatives. However, the potential benefits of participation in the World Trade Organization and the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP+) have not been fully realized.

One of the most important items on the medium-term agenda of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic will be ensuring access to foreign markets, their diversification and increasing the competitiveness of domestic products.

Along with traditional sales markets in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, insufficient attention is paid to the related markets of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Uzbekistan. In general, in foreign economic policy it is necessary to build thoughtful models of cooperation with the aim of accessing goods and capital markets.

The current international situation continues to be characterized by growing tensions between the world's leading powers, which affects the global security system and, accordingly, Central Asia. The situation in the world is also worsening due to the ongoing armed conflicts in the Middle East: in Syria, Iraq, Libya, in which extremist organizations, including citizens of Central Asia and other CIS countries, participate. Tension and uncertainty are also associated with the withdrawal of the United States and international security assistance forces from Afghanistan.

There remains the danger of the export of international terrorism, extremism, illicit trafficking in drugs and weapons, the spread of ideology and worldview based on the teachings of radical doctrines, as well as the risk of a massive flow of Afghan refugees into the territories of neighboring countries and beyond.

Effective neutralization of all these threats goes beyond national boundaries and requires active interaction of the Kyrgyz Republic within the framework of the UN, CSTO, SCO and other international and regional organizations. Unresolved territorial and water issues are a source of potential conflicts, including armed ones, and reinforce the importance of resolving controversial issues on a legal basis, taking into account the interests of the parties in delimiting and demarcating the borders of the Kyrgyz Republic with the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan.

2.8. Crisis of identity and spiritual and moral values

With the acquisition of independence, the Kyrgyz Republic entered a difficult historical stage of its self-determination. The Kyrgyz Republic was not ready for many challenges associated with the rapid development of market relations and the formation of a consumer society. The dominance of material interests and separation from spiritual and moral values ​​continue to influence the change in the worldview and values ​​of modern Kyrgyzstan.

The main problem of the country's independence period is the lack of a state ideology that could consolidate people with different values ​​and interests. At the same time, spiritual, moral, and universal values ​​faded into the background, giving way to the politics of consumption and spiritual degradation of the individual.

Spiritual and moral values, historically passed down from generation to generation, which preserved the common identity of the people of the Kyrgyz Republic, have ceased to be supported and reproduced by the state in educational and cultural policy and have ceased to be a value for society.

2.9. Demographic trends

An analysis of the demographic situation and the forecast for its development in the long term has revealed a number of factors that need to be taken into account when developing medium-term conceptual documents relating to the socio-economic development of the country.

The population of the Kyrgyz Republic will increase steadily. It is expected that by the end of 2025 the republic will have its seventh millionth resident. The Central Asian region will experience demographic pressure, which determines the dynamics of migration processes. Currently, the concentration of the population continues around two territorial zones - (1) around the city of Bishkek, (2) along the axis of the cities of Osh - Jalal-Abad, which in the future will put pressure on the socio-economic infrastructure, ecology and food security.

The country will constantly experience pressure on the labor market due to the annual natural influx of young people of working age. By 2030, the pressure will reach its peak, when about 350 thousand people per year will enter the labor market.

Also, in the medium term, there will be a steady increase in the share of people of retirement age - the annual increase will be about 20 thousand people, which should be taken into account within the framework of pension policy and the development of the healthcare system and the social services market.

III. ANTI-CRISIS MEASURES

3.1. Combating the spread and consequences of coronavirus infection COVID-19

An analysis of the results of 2020 showed that it was the consequences of the spread of COVID-19 that significantly influenced the deterioration of the socio-economic situation in the country.

In the fight against coronavirus and in order to prevent its further spread and re-occurrence of outbreaks, it is necessary to fully follow the recommendations of the World Health Organization.

Key questions remain about the prospects for the spread of COVID-19. However, it is now clear that new mutations of the virus may reduce the effectiveness of existing vaccines. At the same time, there are a number of problems such as the timeliness of distribution and acceptance of vaccination by the population, the effectiveness of preventive and epidemiological measures.

In this regard, the first task is to prevent the importation of new strains of COVID-19 and implement anti-epidemic measures. The implementation of this task will require the following measures.

Ensuring proper control over mandatory PCR testing or provision of a document confirming receipt of a vaccine against coronavirus infection, arriving from foreign countries to the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic. For these purposes, it is necessary to make appropriate changes and additions to the existing algorithms to prevent the importation and spread of new strains of coronavirus in relation to citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic and foreign citizens crossing the State border of the Kyrgyz Republic. These algorithms must be constantly reviewed taking into account the results of monitoring the current epidemiological situation in the republic and the world.

Strengthening explanatory work and bringing the most objective information to the population about the situation with the spread of morbidity, the ongoing government policy, preventive measures, information about the disease.

Strengthening capacity to provide essential health services to ensure emergency response capabilities. One of the most important elements is high-quality laboratory and diagnostic work of the relevant services, conducting epidemiological surveillance in a crisis. Anticipatory measures must be developed for individuals at risk, based on systematic scientific and practical forecasting of the development of the situation.

Determining the list of hospitals that are primarily involved in providing medical care to patients and mobilizing the necessary resources for intensive care. At the same time, it is necessary to organize specialized opportunities to provide assistance to patients with a mild form of the disease at the place of actual residence.

Development of measures to strengthen infection control and ensure safe working conditions for medical workers providing medical care to sick people, taking into account the high morbidity statistics among medical workers.

Conducting an audit of the supply chain and stocks of essential medicines and medical equipment. On the one hand, it is necessary to ensure unhindered logistics along the entire route. On the other hand, it is necessary to strictly suppress, even to the point of criminal prosecution, the use of official position for profit using corruption schemes. For the heads of relevant government agencies responsible for the acquisition of materials and equipment, provide for personal responsibility for the timeliness and quality of supplies. Full automation of registration of medicines circulation must be ensured. At the same time, it is necessary to review the system of registration and certification of medicines, providing for procedures for expedited review in emergency situations.

It is necessary to consolidate all financial resources and form a single control center. In these conditions, there is a need for general coordination, efficiency in making financial decisions on the allocation of resources, and relaxation of the rules for organizing public procurement. In case of a shortage of funds, urgently initiate a search for sources of operational financing.

Legislative regulation of the issues of remuneration for remote work and flexible working conditions should be accelerated, especially in emergency situations and states of emergency.

The social protection system will be strengthened to mitigate the consequences of the spread of the disease and support disabled and socially vulnerable groups of the population through the introduction of a digital database of families in need of help, which will subsequently become the main tool for providing targeted social support in the form of various types of subsidies, benefits and compensation.

In addition, for these categories of the population, measures for diagnosis, prevention and guaranteed access to medical services should be thought out. Financial social payments must be made in full and in a timely manner at the place of actual residence using modern digital technologies in accordance with the legislation and promptly made decisions.

Provide for the possibility of developing digital skills among socially vulnerable segments of the population to ensure access to services provided in the health and social protection systems.

It is necessary to legislate the activities of volunteers and charitable organizations, understanding the importance of consolidating the efforts of the entire society in a crisis, providing motivational mechanisms for the development of these areas.

The second task is organizing and conducting vaccination. All citizens of the country staying outside the country, including those working, must be provided with access to vaccination. It is necessary to give the right to choose vaccines to citizens of the country. The vaccine registration system will be changed by expanding the possibilities for choosing vaccines and accelerating their registration, taking into account the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the assistance of the EAEU member states. The market for healthcare services for vaccination of the population should be maximally developed with the wide involvement of private healthcare organizations. At the same time, there must be strict government control over compliance with vaccine safety conditions and vaccination procedures. A national COVID-19 vaccination plan will be developed to bring the vaccination rate to 70% of the population at risk.

Oblige the relevant government agencies to ensure an uninterrupted supply of vaccines to form herd immunity, as well as prevent the emergence of new strains of COVID-19.

The healthcare system must constantly monitor side effects during vaccination and make proposals for their prevention, and regularly update appropriate decisions on vaccination of the population. Develop a module in which every doctor and citizen of the country will know about the capabilities and services of health care institutions in case of side effects of vaccination.

The third task is to expand the integration of the database of vaccinated and tested individuals with the databases of other countries in order to ensure smooth border crossings. It is necessary to intensify contacts at the level of ministries of health, using both bilateral and multilateral formats, with active involvement in the work of foreign policy missions of the Kyrgyz Republic.

3.2. Recovery of economic activity

The economic impact of COVID-19 is unprecedented. All world financial institutions announced a global deep recession for the first time in 80 years. Measures taken to prevent the massive spread of COVID-19 led to the collapse of international trade, the suspension of the activities of entire sectors of national economies, and a significant deterioration in the well-being of the population.

Taking into account the negative forecasts and emerging trends for 2021-2022, measures to mitigate the consequences of the crisis and measures aimed at restoring the national economy should be taken as a basic priority.

First of all, it is necessary to guarantee from the state the functioning of vital sectors - basic infrastructures, such as energy supply, telecommunications and food security facilities. If necessary, such business entities should be provided with a deferment on loans and emergency lending measures.

The state must provide support to systemically important enterprises, small and medium-sized businesses and citizens who are temporarily unable to work or have lost their jobs due to the spread of coronavirus infection, including through long-term preferential lending.

A Stabilization Fund will be created in order to mobilize financial resources, accumulate reserves for future generations and finance urgent measures, as well as reduce the dependence of the economy on the impact of unfavorable external factors.

The current situation has led to a high probability of bankruptcy of large business entities. One of the possible options for state support for business in a crisis could be the state buying out the accounts payable of systemically important companies, restructuring their debts to the state budget, or converting the amount of debt into a share in the authorized capital of enterprises, with their consent, with the obligation of subsequent exit. To maintain liquidity, it is possible to issue corporate securities and purchase them by the state.

The public finance system has also come under severe pressure. In 2020, budget revenues fell sharply. Most likely, the budget will experience liquidity problems. In this regard, it is necessary to sequester individual items and, in parallel, work with financial institutions to support current liquidity. It is necessary to continue working with creditors on restructuring and writing off public debt, including through mechanisms for exchanging debt for projects in the field of ecology and green technologies.

Domestic policies must be supported by the preservation of international trade and cooperation, which are essential for a rapid economic recovery. It is necessary to accelerate the measures taken at the EAEU site to remove unnecessary barriers to foreign trade. Work should be continued on a bilateral basis with neighboring states - the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as with other countries, cooperation with which determines foreign economic activity. In addition to the formation of trade and logistics centers in border areas, full automation of import and export operations is necessary with the harmonization of relevant procedures for the unhindered regional transit of goods.

Despite the crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic, conditions on the regional market have improved for some industries. In particular, certain types of agricultural products are in high demand. It is necessary to resolve organizational, legal and land issues as soon as possible for the construction of a logistics center for the procurement, processing, storage and sale of agricultural products. At the same time, in order to avoid a food crisis within the country, it is necessary to adopt a package of measures related to the allocation of resources for the most vulnerable segments of the population, the formation of a state reserve for the most popular food items, negotiations with partners regarding the stability of supplies,

3.3. Quality and accessibility of education during the COVID-19 pandemic

The education system of the Kyrgyz Republic was not ready for the transition to a remote work format. This is evidenced by the results of testing the knowledge of schoolchildren during the All-Republican testing. The deterioration in the quality of education during the COVID-19 pandemic will have long-term consequences for the future of a significant number of young people.

In this regard, it is necessary to develop and implement new requirements that provide for innovative approaches in the educational process management system. Conduct intensive training for teaching staff on the features of conducting lessons online. It is necessary to create an open, free online platform for students of all forms of education with the formation of a database of the best lecture materials and practical exercises. Also provide educational institutions with IT infrastructure, schools with computer equipment in accordance with modern requirements and programs.

3.4. Management in times of crisis

In a crisis, the main factors that determine the possibility of quickly reaching a functioning trajectory and minimizing negative consequences lie in the management plane. The cornerstone prerequisites for crisis management are the meaningful and updated readiness of the management system for changes and strict discipline.

It is necessary to have a subject of anti-crisis management at the highest level of government and to fully understand the complexity and complexity of the emerging situation. Despite the existence of various coordinating councils, commissions, and working groups, their effectiveness is questionable. In this regard, it is proposed to create a platform for persons holding senior government positions in the format of the Anti-Crisis Committee. The goal is to quickly analyze the situation, conduct consultations and make prompt, agreed decisions.

To update anti-crisis management processes at all levels (in terms of territories and sectors of the economy) and society in order to formulate a real agenda and formulate issues facing the country.

To maintain the integrity of management, it is proposed to create advisory platforms for operational analysis and development of decisions on the most important areas of the agenda. In particular, the work of anti-crisis advisory councils should be concentrated on: food security, fiscal consolidation, anti-epidemic activities and eliminating the social consequences of the spread of coronavirus infection, economic recovery and the development of competitiveness. On a temporary basis, the implementation of a simplified algorithm and decision-making procedures will be required. Bureaucratic delays should be minimized without affecting the quality of the content of the decisions under consideration. In some cases, it is necessary to provide a flexible system for the implementation of pilot projects using a “regulatory sandbox”.

IV. MANAGEMENT REFORM IS THE CORE OF DEVELOPMENT

Currently there are problems in management. It is necessary to dismantle the management system that has become ineffective and build a new one that meets external challenges and internal needs. Currently, there are all the conditions and political prerequisites for the prompt implementation of management modernization.

4.1. Executive reform

The system of the executive branch of government should be aimed at serving the interests of society, demonstrating its mobility and professionalism, promptly solving current problems. The new model must take into account the following principles: accountability, openness, efficiency and the need for regulation.

Particular attention will be paid to the formation of professional institutions of the executive branch. In order to increase efficiency, the structure of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic will be reorganized. The functions of government bodies and their structural divisions will be determined based on program goals and objective necessity.

A single strategic development management center will be formed in the government system, including one responsible for maintaining the conceptual framework and management standards. Strategic development management will be supported by analytical institutions and financing instruments. Operational management will be entrusted to the heads of industry areas and territories. The structure of government bodies will be optimized by subordinating organizational structures to management processes (functions), and management processes to the strategic goals of the country.

Administrative reform must take into account the issue of coordinating plans and actions with business, the civil and donor community. It is necessary to create conditions for the widespread use of public-private dialogue with the mandatory participation of officials at the highest level of executive authorities.

Full automation of management processes is required. Digitalization of the country should be carried out primarily in the public administration system. The concept of “Data-driven governance” will be introduced, according to which all decisions should be based on the analytics of “Big data” accumulated by public and private systems.

Government services will be provided in a variety of ways that are convenient for consumers, primarily through digital technologies. At the same time, every citizen will be able to receive them, regardless of their location, both within the country and abroad. In order to increase the efficiency and quality of public services, the practice of outsourcing will be widely used.

The formation of a public administration system should be based on the principles of meritocracy. In this regard, personnel decisions will be made taking into account professional characteristics and integrity, seniority and work experience. High qualification requirements for candidates for leading government positions, including political ones, will be legislatively approved. The principle of selection from the reserves will also be applied in appointments to individual political positions. Guarantees will remain for equal access of citizens when applying for positions at all levels of state and municipal service, regardless of gender, race, language, ethnicity, religion, age, political or other beliefs, origin, property or other status, disability, as well as other circumstances .

Inclusion in the personnel reserve will be carried out on a competitive basis, as well as taking into account the significant professional results of the work of current employees. The procedures for testing candidates for positions will change with a focus on identifying professional qualities, skills and competencies.

Consistent actions will be taken to improve labor incentives for state and municipal employees. The unified remuneration system will remain, but the most conscientious employees will receive bonuses and allowances for high-quality completion of tasks and demonstrated initiative. In order to build an effective personnel policy, as well as provide a social package for state and municipal employees, the “Kelechek” program will be developed.

Continuity of personnel during generational changes will be ensured, the institution of mentoring experienced workers over those newly recruited will be introduced, and a harmonious combination of personnel by age will be ensured by retaining experienced personnel and the influx of promising youth into the service.

The issue of training, retraining and advanced training of state and municipal service personnel will be raised to a new qualitative level. State and municipal employees will retain their salaries and other guarantees during training or advanced training. At the same time, questions regarding the obligations of employees to work in the state and municipal service after completing training will be put under special control.

Organizational and institutional changes will be introduced in the state audit system, a transition to conducting strategic audits aimed at countering risks and threats to economic security in executive authorities and organizations under their jurisdiction.

Projects:

1. creation of a coordination council for reforming the public administration system with the participation of civil society, business and other stakeholders;

2. implementation of the “Data driven governance” concept;

3. improving the system for assessing the performance of state and municipal bodies and their leaders, based on the achievement of target indicators and the effectiveness of the implementation of strategic development programs;

4. implementation of the State Strategy for Development and Personnel Formation in the Kyrgyz Republic;

5. implementation of the Kelechek program.

4.2. Digitalization of management and development of digital infrastructure

Digital technologies will be introduced into all spheres of human life. For this, in addition to developing basic digital skills and creating a favorable environment, it is necessary to create appropriate infrastructures and systems. Fundamental to public policy will be the availability of communication services for all categories of citizens, including groups with special needs, on the basis of “walking distance”, and bridging the digital gap in access.

The national digital infrastructure will include networks, data centers, cloud technologies, information and service access centers, digital platforms, including broadband and broadcasting. Digital infrastructure must be able to support rapid traffic growth and provide coverage with sufficient capacity to meet new demands.

Conditions will be created to encourage investment in national digital infrastructure so that no region of the country is left without adequate connectivity and access. Further investment and innovation in communications technologies will be facilitated by efficient use of the radio spectrum. The national digital infrastructure being created must ensure the full transmission of automated machine-to-machine traffic and contribute to the growth of IoT/IoE (Internet of Things/Internet of Everything).

The construction of a unified multi-component system will begin in the Kyrgyz Republic, ensuring the uninterrupted operation of numerous government information systems in compliance with the necessary security requirements. The creation of data processing centers with services based on cloud computing technologies will be aimed at increasing the productivity of various state information systems. The construction of data processing centers must comply with global standards and requirements for such systems.

Electronic governance of the Kyrgyz Republic should be implemented not only by state or municipal bodies. It is necessary to systematically and systematically connect business structures to the state’s e-government system in such a way that commercial organizations are also interested in promoting digital Kyrgyzstan.

Automated systems will make it possible to implement electronic traceability of goods and services and an electronic document management system. Innovative solutions (financial technologies) will be introduced to provide traditional financial services. Measures must be completed to modernize state information resources and technical infrastructure, the state portal of electronic services, the unified identification system, the state electronic messaging system, and the state electronic payment system.

Projects:

1. launch of the national educational program “Systematic improvement of digital competencies of civil servants to support digital public administration”;

2. launch of the project “National Digital Ecosystem through Integrated Smart Platforms/Information Systems”;

3. full functioning of the unified State portal of electronic services;

4. launch of the “Smart Cities” phase as a continuation of the “Safe City” project;

5. implementation of the digital interaction system “State Citizen”;

6. completion of the process of automation of business processes in state bodies and local governments;

7. launch of the Open Data portal;

8. deploying G-cloud;

9. launch of the project “Artificial Intelligence as a Big Data Base”;

10. adoption and implementation of the concept “Digital Economy of the Kyrgyz Republic”.

4.3. Reform of the administrative-territorial structure

The country urgently needs a reform of the administrative-territorial structure and management. Currently, there are large disproportions in the development of regions, management gaps between management levels, weak interregional ties, concentration of resources in the center and decapitalization of the regions.

The new model of the administrative-territorial structure of the Kyrgyz Republic should combine two components: (1) an updated system of public administration, which will allow building an effective vertical of power, and (2) a new administrative-territorial division, which will allow the implementation of reform of the management system. At the same time, management reform is the primary and main task in relation to the new boundaries of administrative entities.

For the future model of administrative-territorial structure, the following fundamental provisions will be established: 

1. deconcentration of public administration. Reform should be concentrated at the district level;

2. orientation towards economic development. Governance reform and new administrative boundaries should be linked to economic development factors;

3. guaranteeing social development. The social aspects of the reform must be resolved within new boundaries. Standards for social development in education, health care, culture, sports and social assistance will be established.

Functions, powers and responsibilities will be redistributed between the central level of executive power and the local level of government. The central level of executive power will be responsible for issues of security, integrity and development of the country, local authorities will be responsible for the effective functioning of the territories.

Currently, a sectoral approach to territorial management is not enough, and therefore a transition will be made to the integrated development of territories.

The distribution of revenues between the republican and local budgets will be revised in order to expand local opportunities. At the same time, local authorities must implement all delegated fiscal functions.

Specialized development programs will be prepared for specific border areas, taking into account their special status. Based on the principles of territorial-cluster development, master plans for the development of territories will be prepared with the state’s obligations to develop the corresponding vital infrastructure. For each region, 2-3 priority industries will be identified based on their competitive advantages and investment projects will be prepared, the implementation of which will become a priority task for both ministries and departments, and for heads of local governments. Specialized institutes will be created to prepare and evaluate investment projects in priority sectors, including increasing the capacity of entrepreneurs to develop business plans.

Projects:

1. updating the Concept of regional policy of the Kyrgyz Republic;

2. carrying out a phased decentralization of public administration, providing for the transfer of executive powers from the central level to the territory, including the transfer of relevant sources of financing;

3. creation of specialized institutes for the preparation and evaluation of regional investment projects;

4. development of specialized programs for the development of border areas.

4.4. Fiscal reform

In order to simplify fiscal procedures, reduce the tax burden, bring “gray” businesses out of the shadows and create a fair taxation system, further implementation of the Smart Salym project will be continued, aimed at digitalizing tax and customs administration.

Taking into account the high corruption risks in the fiscal sphere, one of the main directions should be the improvement of excise taxation and the VAT refund system, as well as the reduction of tax benefits, and the introduction of digital administration mechanisms. One of the important tasks of tax policy reform for the medium term will be the complete digitalization of tax procedures by introducing a system of remote tax control, simplifying tax accounting for business entities and optimizing reporting. It is necessary to achieve full integration of tax and customs information systems. The tax service and customs service will ensure a transition to a service model for servicing taxpayers and the introduction of single windows based on the principle of front office and back office operation.

In order to improve the management system of the country's regulatory authorities, the process of creating a legal basis for the introduction of a digital platform for tax and customs administration, as well as remote methods of providing services, has begun, and the concept of the national project “Smart Salym” has been developed and approved.

The main goal of the national project "Smart Salym" is to create favorable conditions for business and investors, protect consumers and business entities from counterfeit products, prevent corruption by reducing business contacts with government agencies, reduce smuggling/unaccounted import of goods and the shadow economy, increase revenues in the state budget.

Favorable conditions for conducting foreign trade should also be ensured by simplifying and automating customs procedures. At the same time, it is necessary to introduce software products to speed up customs clearance processes (electronic customs). This will speed up customs formalities and minimize the influence of the human factor when making decisions at all stages of customs operations. An automated data exchange system will be established not only with the EAEU member states, but also with third countries. Preliminary declaration of goods upon import will be introduced for all types of transport. A unified system for identifying participants in foreign economic activity within the EAEU will be created, and the forms of electronic documents will be simplified.

The main indicators of the effectiveness of customs authorities will be the creation of favorable conditions for business, speed and quality of service. Time indicators will be set for the speed of customs operations, for which flows will be categorized according to the “green” corridor principle and the automatic release of goods.

It is necessary to consider the transition to a single tax calculated on the basis of turnover, which will allow the implementation of the principle of “One country - one tax - one authority”.

The social insurance system requires serious reforms. The existing imbalance must be corrected based on a fair distribution of burdens on various groups of payers and recipients.

In order to bring small and medium-sized businesses out of the shadows, the rates of social contributions will be revised downwards, depending on the number of employees in the enterprise. In addition, the norms of the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic “On the voluntary declaration of property and income by individuals” adopted in 2020 have not been fully implemented. In this regard, it is necessary to conduct a broad information campaign about the advantages and guarantees of the legalization of capital for their full inclusion in official circulation.

The production and turnover of excisable goods (alcohol, petroleum products, tobacco products) and medicines will be placed under special control. For these groups of goods, first of all, automated tracking of their origin, turnover, and sales will be introduced.

Work will be actively continued to increase the share of non-cash payments from 45% to 50% to ensure a balanced ratio of the share of cash and non-cash payments and settlements.

Projects:

1. development of a new edition of the Tax Code of the Kyrgyz Republic;

2. completion of full automation (fiscalization) of tax procedures;

3. implementation of software products to speed up customs clearance processes (electronic customs);

4. introduction of a digital map of the location of economic entities in the cities of Bishkek and Osh.

4.5. Reform of judicial and law enforcement agencies

The rule of law, ensuring public order, the safety of citizens and their property are the fundamental responsibilities of the state and its institutions. Within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals, there is a high level of evidence of corruption. The need for systemic reforms in the law enforcement sector is long overdue.

In administrative terms, the law enforcement system will be transformed towards crime prevention and prevention. In particular, the concept of state policy on crime prevention and the National Action Plan for its implementation will be developed and approved. All unusual functions of the internal affairs system will be abolished. The question of the feasibility of creating a municipal police and transferring public order functions to local areas will be studied.

The issue of creating a single investigative body that combines the functions of conducting investigations carried out by the relevant units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic, the General Prosecutor's Office of the Kyrgyz Republic, the State Committee for National Security of the Kyrgyz Republic and other law enforcement agencies will be studied.

In terms of legislation, criminal liability will be tightened for certain categories of crime, in particular for violence against children and women, and incitement of ethnic hatred. Pilot projects will be implemented to introduce modern technical means of tracking and compliance with the terms of the protective order. In addition, liability for violating the terms of the protective order will be increased.

In terms of infrastructure, the implementation of the “Safe City” project will continue. It is planned to expand the geographical scope of the project and functionality, including issues of crime prevention in public places in populated areas.

Key areas in the fight against organized crime include improving the regulatory framework and implementing a set of preventive measures aimed at depopularizing criminal ideology and criminal subculture. In addition, the presence of criminal status will become an independent element of the crime, including taking into account the completion of the implementation of the norms of the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime into national legislation.

It is necessary to tighten personnel policies, revise the system of qualification requirements for each category of positions in the law enforcement system, introduce a mechanism for horizontal rotation of key managers of territorial and sectoral divisions with their appointment to other regions of the country.

In order to suppress the international transit of drugs, efforts to combat drug trafficking will be intensified. Liability will be tightened for such crimes as the sale of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in large and especially large quantities, involvement and inducement to their consumption, as well as advertising and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances using the Internet and Darknet, electronic means of payment.

Interaction with such specialized United Nations (UN) institutions as the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, the International Narcotics Control Board, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime, as well as with regional international organizations - the Collective Treaty Organization security, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, etc.

A national reporting mechanism for the emergence of new synthetic drugs and new psychoactive substances will be introduced and measures will be taken to integrate it into the relevant international systems.

In order to increase the level of public confidence in law enforcement agencies, the liability of law enforcement officers for failure to comply with professional and ethical standards in the performance of official duties will be tightened.

Law enforcement agencies of the Kyrgyz Republic will be provided with the necessary special equipment and material and technical means to fully and effectively fulfill their assigned responsibilities to protect public safety, protect the life, health and property of citizens.

To strengthen the independence of the judicial system, ensure transparency of its activities, and real access of citizens to justice, significant steps have been taken during the judicial and legal reform.

It is necessary to continue the ongoing reform process aimed at building a judicial system worthy of the people's trust and capable of effectively protecting the rights of citizens.

One of the priority areas for improving the process of administration of justice is the use of modern information technologies in the activities of courts. The introduction of electronic legal proceedings will not only achieve maximum transparency and facilitate citizens' access to justice, but will also help improve the quality and transparency of justice and eliminate red tape when considering cases in courts.

To improve the quality of the administration of justice and create unhindered access to it for citizens, a system of remote legal proceedings will be introduced in the Supreme Court of the Kyrgyz Republic and local courts, remote consideration of criminal, civil, economic and administrative cases using technical means of communication, electronic legal proceedings, as well as simplified ( written) consideration of cases in the court of cassation.

To strengthen human resources in the judicial system, it is planned to improve special training programs for judges and judicial workers, and introduce the practice of joint training for judges, prosecutors and lawyers. In addition, to increase the responsibility of judges, a system for assessing their professional activities will be introduced.

The institutional foundations of the judicial system will be strengthened by uniform judicial practice, clearly developed by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Kyrgyz Republic.

By guaranteeing the right of everyone to judicial protection, the state will ensure the development of extrajudicial and pre-trial methods, forms and methods of protecting the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.

The development of the institution of mediation will significantly relieve the judicial system.

It is necessary to continue the active phase of digitalization of law enforcement agencies in the Kyrgyz Republic, to ensure in the future a complete transition to electronic criminal justice technology.

Projects:

1. adoption of the Concept of state policy on crime prevention;

2. creation of the Coordination Council for Crime Prevention;

3. adoption of the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic “On Combating Organized Crime”;

4. adoption of a state program to combat organized crime until 2026;

5. adoption of the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic “On Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors”;

6. approval of the anti-drug program of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic and its implementation plan for 2022–2025;

7. implementation of a national reporting mechanism for the emergence of new synthetic drugs and new psychoactive substances; 8) development and adoption of a new state target program for the development of the judicial system of the Kyrgyz Republic until 2026.

V. FORMATION OF AN ENVIRONMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT

The key task of the state in the medium term will be to create an environment necessary and sufficient for the realization of the potential of every person. The Kyrgyz Republic will consistently improve conditions for entrepreneurs in terms of regulation, investment climate and infrastructure. The rule of law, property protection, contract law, dispute resolution, equal competition, investor guidance and an appropriate regulatory environment will be ensured.

5.1. Investment and business climate, export promotion

The key source of development is foreign direct investment, the volume of inflows of which should reach 13% in relation to GDP. The development of the investment climate in the Kyrgyz Republic throughout history has been strongly influenced by internal and external shocks. The consequences of the events of autumn 2020 had a negative impact on the investment climate. There is a lot of work ahead to restore and further improve the situation.

A fundamental problem for business development is the incapacity of the judicial system, the main function of which is the legislative resolution of conflicts. There is a need to initiate public dialogue to carry out deep reforms of the judicial system, ensuring real independence, transparency before society, and responsibility before the law.

The indicators of the Kyrgyz Republic in various international rankings are one of the main guidelines in the implementation of reforms. In the medium term, the country's performance on the most problematic issues should be improved.

Further steps will be taken to practically implement public-private partnership mechanisms (hereinafter referred to as PPP) and create the necessary favorable conditions for this by improving the quality of projects, improving public administration and strengthening human potential in the field of PPP, raising awareness of the PPP mechanism, as well as developing financial PPP instruments.

To diversify the influx of investments into non-traditional sectors of the economy for the Kyrgyz Republic and maximize the use of market potential for investments, the issue of creating infrastructure investment funds will be considered. In addition, measures will be taken to stimulate the attraction of funds from citizens, including migrants, for the implementation of investment projects. In order to create favorable conditions for business development and attract investment, the tools of specialized zones will be expanded, including production and industrial zones, technology parks, and free economic zones. A key element of these instruments will be special regimes for regulating business activities, including mechanisms for providing special regimes without reference to certain territories (extraterritoriality).

The management of the SEZ will be reorganized, in particular, by attracting commercial management companies that have proven themselves at the global level. These companies will receive all the necessary powers to attract investors to the SEZ, create conditions for the development of export-oriented enterprises, as well as expand markets for the products of the SEZ entities. In addition, for these purposes, the network of transport and logistics centers in the regions will be expanded.

For large-scale investments in national-level facilities, a special “strategic investor” regime will be created with increased support measures and security guarantees. Possible options for providing state guarantees during the implementation of large investment projects will be considered.

In their activities, government bodies will pursue a policy of creating the most comfortable conditions for business. At all levels, government authorities will be guided by the principles of the inviolability of private property, the presumption of innocence, the interpretation of all gaps and conflicts in favor of entrepreneurs, and a service approach in the implementation of their functions. Suspension of companies' activities without a corresponding court decision should be excluded. The institution of a business ombudsman should become an additional tool for supporting and protecting businesses. The principles of “smart regulation” and the “regulatory sandbox” mechanism should be widely used.

In the near future, it is necessary to finally decriminalize the scope of economic offenses. With the introduction of the principles of integrated and comprehensive inspections by state regulatory authorities, the number of inspections and business costs in this regard will be reduced. The number of contacts between businesses and government agencies will also be reduced through the use of digital technologies in the inspection system.

In order to develop small and medium-sized businesses, a consulting and information infrastructure will be created. Also, to speed up the provision of integrated services to enterprises, the number and range of services provided through the Public Service Center will be increased, with clear regulation of the list and time of provision of services.

There will be optimization of licensed types of activities and permits, digitalization of procedures for issuing licenses and other permitting documents, specification of licensing requirements and clarification of certain standards, and elimination of internal contradictions. Licensing and permitting procedures in the construction sector will be significantly optimized.

A unified regulation for connecting to infrastructure (electricity, water, sewerage) will be developed with a precise schedule for connection and required payment, which will streamline the procedures for issuing permits and reduce corruption.

Global digitalization and the rapid development of Internet technologies are leading to changes in the development of almost all spheres of the world economy. Given these trends, product promotion must also be carried out through technological platforms that bring together buyers, sellers and service companies for the sale and delivery of goods to foreign and domestic consumers. For this purpose, an ecosystem will be created for the development of e-commerce. The regulatory framework for conducting electronic commerce will be formed, defining the principles of regulation, the procedure for processing transactions and principles of taxation, the procedure for the exchange of information between participants in the process and cybersecurity issues.

It is necessary to identify a national operator in the field of e-commerce. In order to develop the infrastructure of trade and postal operations, a project will be implemented to build an e-commerce Park near major transport hubs of the country.

The development of exports of goods will be facilitated by a state institution that provides exporters with a wide range of financial and non-financial support measures. Comprehensive support will be provided to companies with the highest export potential by providing access to long-term and cheap credit resources and trade information.

Special attention will be paid to the development of national quality infrastructure (standardization, metrology, confirmation of conformity, accreditation). State support mechanisms will be strengthened to expand the laboratory testing base and strengthen the reference base. Budget expenditures must include sufficient funds for further equipment and improvement of laboratory facilities. These activities are key in developing the country's export potential.

As part of improving the country's investment climate and ensuring the influx of direct investment, it is necessary to increase the number of intergovernmental agreements on the avoidance of double taxation of non-residents in the Kyrgyz Republic carrying out investment activities and receiving income in the territory of our country, in addition to simplifying the process of processing relevant documents to obtain tax benefits.

Projects:

1. creation of business service centers in the cities of Bishkek and Osh, as well as in the regions of the country;

2. launching the “E-Entrepreneurship” project, training in e-entrepreneurship, conducting information campaigns to replicate the best practices of e-entrepreneurs;

3. implementation of the electronic licensing system “E-licensing”;

4. launch of the e-commerce ecosystem and e-commerce park;

5. technology transfer through the creation of hubs - integration of business and academic institutions;

6. creation of the state Export-Import Bank;

7. national export program “Made in Kyrgyzstan” for 2022-2026;

8. development of pilot projects within the framework of the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic “On Public-Private Partnership” to attract funds from national partners for new untapped production areas;

9. introduction of mechanisms to stimulate industrial cooperation and integration into value chains with the EAEU countries;

10. formation and sale of investment lots. 5.2. Transport and logistics infrastructure

One of the most important priorities is transport and logistics integration and solving the problem of transport isolation of the country.

First of all, it is necessary in the coming five-year period to resolve the issue of launching the construction of the strategic project “China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway”.

Supporting transport highways and international corridors will be a government policy priority. Along with the Kashgar – Irkeshtam – Osh, Kashgar – Torugart – Naryn corridors, it is advisable to consider the launch of the international corridor Aksu (PRC) – Barskoon – Balykchy and the creation of a logistics center in the city of Balykchy. Priority will be given to projects for the construction of an alternative North-South highway, reconstruction of Osh - Batken - Isfana - Khujand, Taraz - Talas - Suusamyr. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure further free movement of goods through the territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The state will create conditions (including the allocation of land) for the formation of a modernly equipped multimodal cargo hub, combining air, rail and road transport.

It is necessary to continue liberalization in the field of air transport in order to maximize the country’s integration into international air routes, both in terms of passenger transportation and cargo transportation. It is necessary to find a recognized international investor to create and develop a cargo center at Manas International Airport to provide international logistics services. A passenger transportation center for the Fergana Valley should be formed on the basis of the Osh International Airport, and the Isfana airport in the Batken region should also be modernized as part of the implementation of the Batken Region Development Program. A postal logistics center will be created at Tamchy Airport, integrated into international postal and trade flows. Modern digital technologies will be introduced in the development of transport and logistics infrastructure,

Projects:

1. introduction of an information system for weight control of vehicles and collection of fees from freight vehicles;

2. implementation of the construction of the China – Kyrgyzstan – Uzbekistan railway within the framework of the “One Belt, One Road” project to develop the country’s transit potential;

3. creation of a multimodal cargo hub (transport and logistics center);

4. completion of the construction of alternative North-South highway projects, Issyk-Kul ring road;

5. reconstruction of the Osh – Batken – Isfana – Khujand highways; Tyup - Kegen; Taraz – Talas – Suusamyr;

6. launch of the international corridor Aksu (PRC) – Barskoon – Balykchy with a logistics center in Balykchy;

7. creation of a trade and logistics center in the city of Kyzyl-Kiya, Batken region;

8. implementation of projects “Development and modernization of airports of OJSC Manas International Airport.”

5.3. Land reform

Agriculture is one of the priorities of the national economy, but there is persistent land degradation and soil erosion due to unsustainable land use and lack of public investment. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the degree of land degradation has reached a critical level, and given the consequences of climate change, there is practically no time left to change the situation.

The key direction of reforms in the field of use of land resources will be to stimulate their most efficient and rational use. The state will form mechanisms to consolidate the fragmented structure of land owners and maximize added value. Fiscal and tariff measures and government programs in the field of agriculture will be aimed at this. Only in this case will it be possible to reverse the trend towards land degradation.

The country is in dire need of land reform and modernization of land management. It is necessary to change the culture and philosophy of attitude towards land, strengthen local land management institutions, and complete the formation of a land market.

As part of updating the Land Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, it is necessary to revise and establish rules that promote liberalization of the land market, as well as the rational use of agricultural land (withdrawal, alienation, acquisition, pledge, valuation).

It is necessary to carry out an inventory of the republic's land fund and compile an updated land cadastre, audit the entire land fund owned by the state, and form new mechanisms for providing land for temporary use with the involvement of strategic investors.

Stimulation and state support for the introduction of new lands into agricultural production through the development of unproductive lands, foothill and slope lands, and improvement of the reclamation condition of agricultural lands.

Projects:

1. development of slope and foothill lands;

2. updating the land fund cadastre, inventory of state lands with the formation of a digital map of land for agricultural and other purposes;

3. land exchange, an online platform for transactions with agricultural land;

4. development and implementation of the Concept for the development of agricultural land in the Kyrgyz Republic for 2022-2026;

5. adoption of the new Land Code of the Kyrgyz Republic. 5.4. Clean drinking water

The primary issue from the point of view of ensuring the quality of life of people in rural areas is the provision of clean drinking water to every settlement in the country. The policy in the field of drinking water supply will be aimed at creating an economically sustainable, affordable service for safe and high-quality water supply.

The main focus of this policy will be on the construction and rehabilitation of physical infrastructure. In the next five years, the state, using funds from external donors and the republican budget, will invest about 470 million US dollars and bring water to 95% of the country’s settlements. Every year, about 100 villages of the republic will be connected to clean and safe drinking water facilities.

For the sustainability of the supply of clean drinking water, a financial model for the functioning of enterprises providing the supply of clean drinking water will be developed in a market format with a reliable system of subsidies for vulnerable groups of the population.

Projects:

1. implementation of the World Bank project in Issyk-Kul, Osh and Chui regions (project amount – 71.2 million US dollars);

2. implementation of the Islamic Development Bank project in the Jalal-Abad region (project amount – 23 million US dollars); 

3. implementation of the project of the Islamic Development Bank and the Saudi Development Fund in Batken and Talas regions (project amount – 60 million US dollars);

4. implementation of the Asian Development Bank project in the Naryn region (project amount – 32.9 million US dollars);

5. implementation of the project of the Government of the People's Republic of China in the Jalal-Abad region (project amount – 100 million US dollars);

6. implementation of the project of the Government of the Korean Republic in Osh, Chui and Jalal-Abad regions (project amount – 100 million US dollars);

7. implementation of the World Bank project “Water Security” in the Issyk-Kul, Osh and Batken regions (project amount – 100 million US dollars).

5.5. Labor market and employment

Systematic research and population surveys show that the lack of jobs is a key problem in the Kyrgyz Republic. The main government measures in promoting employment and reducing unemployment will be taken in the following areas.

Increasing the coverage of the population by government policy measures in the field of employment promotion. Currently, 21% of the population is classified as economically inactive and is not covered by government measures.

A program should be prepared to legalize informal employment, which has reached 71%. The main goal should be to create conditions for sustainability, safety and productivity. This will contribute to a higher level of income of the population, especially young people, their professional fulfillment, and provision of old age and health insurance.

The main priority in matters of employment promotion should be vocational training and retraining of personnel. Contents, methods, teaching aids and materials must meet the requirements of the time and market demands. It is necessary to ensure greater compliance of secondary vocational and higher education with the needs of the labor market and to establish connections between secondary specialized educational institutions (secondary educational institutions) and schools so that upon graduation, young people already have at least one profession. It is necessary to introduce special programs to support youth leaders based on multilingualism, development of professional and digital skills, qualifications and competencies, taking into account the needs of young people and demand in the labor market. The development of the youth volunteer movement should also be a priority. The practice of supporting and financing projects for the development of youth startups through government social orders should be introduced. In each region, youth digital employment centers “A step away from work” should be created through the development of joint digital and network platforms for professional associations of employers and vocational education organizations for the employment of graduates.

Economic instruments to promote employment should be used more actively. Here, the main tool should be the emergence of a system of financial incentives for the economic activity of interested citizens, expanding the economic opportunities of women with mandatory elements of advisory support, training, support on business issues, financial and digital literacy. For this purpose, it is advisable to resume the activities of the Employment Promotion Fund with a change in the principles and mechanisms of work based on market principles.

Part of the functions of ensuring employment, training and retraining of the unemployed, especially women and youth, must be transferred to business and stimulate the self-employed, creating a market of private employment agencies operating in the domestic and foreign labor markets. The introduction of PPP mechanisms and state social ordering into the employment system will make it possible to more dynamically and effectively influence changes in the labor market and the unemployment rate. It is necessary to review labor legislation in terms of excessive regulation of labor relations. To increase labor mobility in some sectors of the economy, it is necessary to switch to labor contracts and hourly wages.

A new type of professional technical lyceums will be modernized and launched in 20 cities - points of economic development. On their basis, among other things, specialized training programs will be launched for young people and migrant workers in foreign languages ​​and engineering specialties, the basics of entrepreneurship, and digital and financial literacy skills.

Particular potential for employment lies in the creative industries. The development of various creative industries requires the creation of an investment and regulatory legal environment, giving special resident status to creative parks, creative zones and districts, and a special tax regime.

Projects:

1. development of the Employment Promotion Program for 2022-2026;

2. development of a Comprehensive Program for Providing Decent Work (decent wages, decent employment, social partnership);

3. approval of the Concept for the development of the creative economy in the Kyrgyz Republic for 2022-2024;

4. development of a program for the development of women's entrepreneurship until 2026;

5. provide for a special tax regime in the new edition of the Tax Code of the Kyrgyz Republic for subjects of the creative economy;

6. creation of the Park of Creative Industries and Technologies; 

7. digitalization of the employment promotion system; 

8. expansion of employment services with the functions of (re-)training and advanced training of the population;

9. development and implementation of the project “New models of vocational education in the interaction of primary and secondary vocational education programs”;

10. creation of career guidance centers at universities and technical colleges with the involvement of employers.

5.6. Financial market

The Kyrgyz Republic needs to maintain its policy of free movement of capital. This is one of the attractive factors for attracting foreign investment. In addition, it is necessary to develop the stock market and digital infrastructure in the stock market. In fact, thanks to the extremely conservative policies of government agencies, the stock market is in a “mothballed” state. Currently, there are no public and private instruments that are attractive to investors.

To stimulate the development of the stock market, it is necessary to begin trading in government securities on the Kyrgyz Stock Exchange. Through the institutions of the stock market, it is necessary to carry out the next stage of privatization and denationalization of objects that are state-owned, but are not strategic objects. To achieve this, a complete inventory and assessment of state assets will be carried out, including water, land and mineral resources. It is necessary to ensure free circulation of at least five percent of the shares of the most important strategic entities of the economy on the public stock market of the republic. It is advisable to use stock market instruments to finance national projects,

The state will pursue a consistent policy for developing insurance activities in the country and expanding the coverage of insurance services. In the coming years, products such as compulsory motor liability insurance and property insurance will be introduced. To ensure extensive coverage of the population with insurance services, an appropriate regulatory framework will be adopted, providing for the introduction of electronic insurance. It is necessary to carry out work aimed at developing the national reinsurance market in order to increase reinsurance capacity and insurance of large risks. Conditions will be created for the participation of insurance organizations in the system of pension provision for citizens and compulsory health insurance.

For the further development of the banking sector, it is necessary to continue increasing the availability of financial services to the population and business entities. The work will be focused on increasing the level of financial intermediation of the banking system, developing digital payment technologies, increasing the share of non-cash payments and settlements, and increasing the level of financial literacy of the population. This will, among other things, be facilitated by the establishment of threshold amounts for cash payments to increase the share of non-cash turnover. A pilot project for the use of digital national currency (digital som) will also be launched.

One of the important areas is the creation of conditions and prerequisites for reducing interest rates on loans and improving the quality of banking services.

To support the real sector of the economy, preferential financing will be provided, providing:

• expanding access of small and medium-sized businesses to resources in the regions within the framework of government programs;

• introduction of targeted programs for preferential business lending; − introduction of a business lending mechanism using funds from regional development funds.

The Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic will carry out work on additional capitalization of Aiyl Bank OJSC, RSK Bank OJSC, as well as the attraction and further capitalization of the Russian-Kyrgyz Development Fund in order to finance nationally significant economic projects. The activities of the Uzbek-Kyrgyz Development Fund and the Hungarian-Kyrgyz Development Fund will be launched.

In order to increase the affordability of housing for citizens of the country, a set of measures will be carried out within the framework of the state housing program. At the same time, the main priority will be financing the construction of new economy-class housing, mainly in the regions of the country, using the mechanism of rental housing with subsequent purchase. Finished housing will be provided for long-term rent with the right to purchase without making an initial payment, which will improve living conditions, including for certain categories of citizens with below-average incomes.

To meet the demand of all categories of citizens, new financial products will be developed taking into account new trends in the market, providing for Islamic principles, the use of “green mortgage” instruments, the expansion of existing housing, the purchase of finished and under construction housing.

It is necessary to provide conditions for further sustainable development of the guarantee system. Additional capitalization of OJSC “Guarantee Fund” will be carried out.

In order to increase the level of mandatory deposit protection, aimed at maintaining confidence in bank savings and promoting financial stability, the amount of compensation (insurance compensation) for depositors' deposits in the event of a guarantee event will be increased.

Projects:

1. launch of the financial project “Capital for Development”, within the framework of which the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic and the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic will jointly prepare a package of anti-crisis measures to provide the economy with capital;

2. launch of the Green Mortgage project;

3. approval and implementation of the Strategy for Increasing Financial Inclusion for 2022-2026;

4. launching a financial marketplace allowing citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic to purchase financial products online on one platform;

5. use of APIs (open program interfaces) – technologies for data exchange between information systems of organizations;

6. implementation of the state housing program “My Home 2021-2026”.

5.7. Public finance system

The public finance system requires fundamental changes, which in modern conditions has become an obstacle to the prompt resolution of issues and mobility in management.

In the medium term, fiscal policy mechanisms should be focused on reducing the consequences of the crisis, supporting and stimulating growth, and protecting socially vulnerable segments of the population. To accomplish this task, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic needs to consolidate the resource base, reduce the budget deficit and maintain the level of external debt.

The structure of government spending is social in nature and does not contribute to economic growth. The system for monitoring the effectiveness of the impact of state budget expenditures on the country's socio-economic processes requires revision. Despite the significant share and constant growth of spending on education, healthcare, and social protection, these sectors show poor results. Strict measures of fiscal discipline are needed in terms of the execution of the state budget. Frequent revisions of budget allocations undermine confidence in the entire budgeting process. In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen the potential of the budget liquidity forecasting system.

The problem of external debt will put pressure on the freedom of decision-making in various areas of public policy. Therefore, negotiations with creditors on the restructuring and write-off of government external debt will continue. It would be advisable to initiate negotiations on the subject of “exchanging debt for development programs.”

It is necessary to abandon the sectoral and administrative principle of management and make the transition to results-oriented budgeting. The issue of redistribution of economic and financial planning functions and structural changes of the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Kyrgyz Republic will be studied.

Performance-based budgeting should become a mechanism for improving the efficiency of budget expenditures through the use of non-financial performance indicators in funding decisions.

The high degree of dependence on “cheap resources” from international donors has largely “relaxed” the management system. Budget solvency remains due to preferential external support. We need to move away from the dependent position and begin to form new principles for financing development.

Social protection measures should be more targeted at vulnerable and poor people. Work must continue to automate the social protection system in order to improve the targeting, openness and efficiency of social spending.

It is necessary to maximize the introduction of banking technologies and complete automation of procedures for planning and executing the state budget. With the transition to modern technologies, it will become possible to abolish many functions within government bodies.

Projects:

1. introduction of full-fledged results-oriented budgeting in order to optimize and increase the efficiency of budget expenditures;

2. introduction of mechanisms for linking strategic documents with the budgeting system and implementation of strategic goals;

3. development of project proposals for the exchange of public external debt for the implementation of development projects in the field of environmental protection, ecology, green economy or with an emphasis on the implementation of programs in the social sphere;

4. initiation of negotiations with donor countries on the restructuring of the external debt of the Kyrgyz Republic (write-off, partial conversion into a grant) based on project proposals for the exchange of public external debt;

5. introduction of a new system of interbudgetary relations aimed at strengthening the powers and responsibilities of local authorities;

6. carrying out full or partial privatization, transfer of non-strategic public sector facilities to management within the framework of PPP based on the results of a comprehensive analysis of the activities of state-owned enterprises and business entities with a controlling state stake;

7. reorganization of the remaining state-owned enterprises through consolidation and subsequent corporatization;

8. introducing amendments to the legislation on public procurement of mechanisms for accounting for the cost of ownership and the price-quality ratio.

VI. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES 

6.1. Hydropower

Based on the strategic agenda, it is necessary to reduce the country’s dependence on hydrocarbon energy sources. One of the acceptable solutions is the larger-scale development of hydropower and the transition to alternative energy, taking into account changes in the internal structure of energy consumption and technological modernization of the economy, especially climate change processes. This is a fundamental and complex task that requires a lot of effort and resources.

In the medium and long term, electricity consumption will increase. The most important task is to launch new hydropower projects. The hydropower potential of the Naryn River basin must be realized, taking into account the priority and efficiency of the construction of promising hydroelectric power stations (Kambarata HPP-1, Upper Naryn HPP cascade, Suusamyr-Kokomeren HPP cascade, Kazarman HPP cascade and others).

Accelerated reconstruction and modernization of existing capacities at the Toktogul HPP Cascade is required. In parallel, it is necessary to develop the sale (export) of energy, creating new electricity trading markets, the beginning of which is the CASA-1000 project, as well as the project for creating a single market of the EAEU member states. The possibility of energy exports in the future should also be directed to East Asia. Taking into account the construction and launch of new energy capacities, it becomes advisable to study the possibility of entering new markets. It is necessary to launch the process of designing, developing and launching small hydroelectric power plants with guaranteed state purchase of electricity from small and medium-sized producers at mutually attractive tariffs and terms. The Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic, together with local authorities, will decide at the legislative level the issues of land allocation for hydropower projects. This will allow the commissioning of generating facilities with a total capacity of 300-400 MW.

From a financial point of view, the energy sector is in critical condition and remains unattractive for investors. It is necessary to take a difficult but necessary step for the sustainability of the sector - a gradual increase in tariffs. Compensatory measures will be taken to support socially vulnerable categories of citizens.

In addition, it is necessary to review and increase electricity tariffs for highly profitable projects. It is necessary to improve the flexibility of electricity metering systems so that the system can respond to seasonal, daily changes in demand, smoothing out peak loads.

Particular attention will be paid to alternative, environmentally friendly types of energy, which in the medium term will allow the commissioning of facilities with a capacity of about 100 MW. The commissioning of new capacities will make it easier to connect to electrical networks and infrastructure and obtain the necessary technical conditions. In the context of growing electricity consumption and the number of new subscribers, a favorable condition for locating mining farms is their location in close proximity to renewable energy sources, including small hydroelectric power plants. This will also reduce energy losses during transportation.

At this stage, the heating system in large cities has exhausted the potential for further development of heating networks and has shown the unprofitability of the provided heat supply. In order to develop the heating system in large cities and regions of the Kyrgyz Republic, it is necessary to begin the development of autonomous boiler houses using alternative energy sources (natural gas, coal and other energy resources), including environmentally friendly ones.

With the commissioning of new capacities, it is necessary to gradually transfer transport in the Kyrgyz Republic to electric drive: electric cars, electric trucks, high-speed trains, trolleybuses and electric trains. In the future, a network of high-speed electric refills of batteries and accumulators will be created.

In the entire energy system with state participation, a complete inventory and revaluation of assets must be ensured. In addition, all technological and management processes must be completely automated. Modern corporate governance standards will be introduced at all facilities.

The level of technical wear and tear on equipment in the energy sector has reached a critical threshold. Through financial recovery and improving the quality of management of the sector, funds will be found for the speedy modernization of the energy infrastructure.

A wholesale electricity market will be established as soon as possible, with clear rules for its functioning and the creation of appropriate institutions.

Projects:

1. construction of large hydropower facilities Kambarata HPP-1, Upper Naryn hydroelectric power station cascade, Suusamyr Kokomerensky hydroelectric power station cascade, Kazarman hydroelectric power station cascade, etc.;

2. construction of small hydroelectric power stations;

3. implementation of the CASA-1000 project;

4. gradual transition of the state vehicle fleet to electric vehicles;

5. implementation of a project on energy efficiency of buildings;

6. development of alternative energy sources (solar and wind energy).

6.2. Agriculture and processing

The key characteristic of agriculture is low productivity and small-scale production, which does not allow proper competition not only in foreign but also in domestic markets. However, this sector of the economy is a competitive advantage of the republic, and there is every opportunity for its expanded reproduction and investment.

The strategic goal of reforms in the agricultural sector will be to ensure food security. In the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to stimulate the development of medium and large processing complexes and logistics centers for exporting products to foreign markets. The state will create conditions for the development of clusters in the field of production and processing of agricultural products. It is necessary to develop plans for the development of clusters of the agro-industrial complex as part of the programs for the socio-economic development of the regions. It is necessary to develop a methodology for creating clusters, as well as a standard cluster model, adaptive to various territories and agricultural crops.

Mechanisms for stimulating the development of the agro-industrial complex will be revised, including by increasing and structuring financial support from the state.

It will be important to carry out reforms aimed at consolidating small peasant farms and agricultural cooperatives, using a set of incentive mechanisms. Preferential financing programs for agriculture will also be focused on this.

At the state level, it is necessary to introduce a favorable regime for the import of agricultural technologies and innovations, equipment and mechanized means of production. Digital technologies in agriculture will increase the productivity of the sector, the quality of forecasting, standardization, traceability, marketing attractiveness, and improve farmers’ access to information. In each territorial district, specialized centers for agrochemical, veterinary and agrotechnical services for farmers should be created. To the maximum extent, farmers should use biological fertilization technologies, chemicals, fertilizers and medicines to keep agriculture clean and green.

It is necessary to organize the provision of high-yielding and the most “clean” varieties of agricultural crops and to stimulate breeding improvement. The activities of seed and breeding farms should be reviewed. It is necessary to modernize them on the basis of public-private partnership.

The strategic priority for agricultural development should be maintaining environmental friendliness and focusing on organic production. In order to accelerate the development of the market for organic products in the Kyrgyz Republic, appropriate legislative regulation will be developed and adopted, international certification standards for organic products will be introduced, strict control over the import of chemical fertilizers will be ensured, and appropriate marketing activities will be carried out. The Organic Products program will be launched.

The global market for consumption of halal products is worth 1.5 trillion US dollars. In this regard, at the state level it is advisable to actively support and develop the market for halal products and promote the expansion of exports to consumer countries.

It is necessary to use the existing natural advantages and the availability of hydropower resources to produce highly processed agricultural products. One of the most important competitive advantages in the international market can be the production of freeze-dried products.

The Kyrgyz Republic has unique highly mineralized water resources and can become a global producer and exporter of clean, highly mineralized water.

In the context of the current economic crisis, it is advisable to introduce a system of guaranteed and regulated public procurement of agricultural products for government agencies with a large number of consumers, such as the Ministry of Defense of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Kyrgyz Republic Republic.

It is also necessary to ensure monitoring of the state of food security and regulation of pricing in the food and agricultural raw materials market in order to prevent unjustified price increases.

It is necessary to ensure the launch of the construction of wholesale distribution centers as key elements of the commodity distribution infrastructure in the country’s agro-industrial complex.

In the context of climate change, adaptation measures must be applied in the agricultural sector. In addition to the use of climate-resistant technologies and varieties, it is advisable to widely introduce climate risk insurance instruments in agricultural activities.

The basis of agriculture is irrigated agriculture. Crop production on irrigated lands is the main consumer of fresh water in the Kyrgyz Republic. Considering global trends associated with climate warming, forecasts for a decrease

fresh water reserves, the uneven distribution of them throughout the country, the development of sustainable irrigation is especially relevant. To achieve this, it is necessary to continue irrigation construction and modernization of irrigation infrastructure. This will also help resolve issues of food security, increase land water availability and introduce new irrigated land.

Taking into account the need to adapt to the consequences of climate change, one of the important areas is the economical, rational and efficient use of available water resources.

Projects:

1. launch of a commodity and raw materials exchange in the agricultural industry; 

2. revision of the Agricultural Financing program, taking into account clustering and support for large producers; 

3. implementation of a program for the development of organic production; 

4. revision of the tariff system for water transportation services - transition to economically justified tariffs;

5. reconstruction of the irrigation system of the Kyrgyz Republic (2018-2022);

6. reconstruction of the Sarymsak irrigation system (2018-2022);

7. development of irrigated agriculture in Issyk-Kul and Naryn regions (2021-2024);

8. development of irrigated agriculture in the Chui region (bypass Chui Canal-2);

9. project for the development of fish farming “Aqua-culture”;

10. implementation of a national traceability system for agricultural goods;

11. formation of a unified production and supply chain, agricultural marketing and e-commerce centers;

12. creation of the Agro Smart database.

6.3. Tourism development

The tourism industry has faced particularly severe impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. Restrictions on international flights and border closures have led to a catastrophic decline in industry turnover not only in our country, but also in the world. The basis for the development of international tourism is the openness, hospitality, friendliness and diversity of the people of the Kyrgyz Republic.

At the same time, systemic problems in the development of the sector remain unresolved. The Kyrgyz Republic needs to ensure basic conditions - personal safety, high-quality medical service, accessible information, convenient logistics and high-quality local service. For the successful promotion of national tourism services, it is necessary to implement regional tourism projects that will connect the tourism products of the countries of Central Asia.

The spread of coronavirus has determined that one of the main conditions for tourist attractiveness is the presence of high-quality healthcare infrastructure. In this regard, geographical accessibility and quality of health services should be priorities.

The development of the tourism sector will be based on a cluster approach. The state will create conditions for the launch of several large tourist clusters, with a ski specialization based on the city of Karakol, a historical and cultural specialization based on the city of Osh, and a recreational specialization based on the city of Jalal-Abad. It is also necessary to launch a “medical tourism” cluster, focused on the provision of rehabilitation services, based on the natural climatic features of the country and the creation of appropriate infrastructure.

The tourism sector should develop on the principles of sustainability with strict environmental protection in the interests of the local community and subjects of the country's tourism industry, taking into account the assessment of the natural recreational capacity of tourist and recreational areas. The basic components of tourism infrastructure will be modernized and brought into line with international environmental standards.

Organization of internationally attractive events and festivals. The holding of the World Nomad Games contributed to the development of tourism, attracting guests and increasing the level of recognition of the country in the global tourism market. It is advisable to launch international event projects that reflect the sociocultural characteristics of the country. The Kyrgyz Republic can initiate many cultural projects related to art and creativity (cinema, music, theater), philosophy and history of nomadic peoples.

The development of the tourism industry will be facilitated by promising infrastructure projects. Completion of the construction of an alternative North-South road, rehabilitation of the ring road around Lake Issyk-Kul, and reliable operation of transnational highways will ensure connectivity of the country's territories and reduce time costs. The project of transport links based on electric trains “Chaldovar – Balykchy” seems promising.

Projects:

1. launch of the medical tourism cluster;

2. marketing strategy – promoting the country on electronic platforms, B2B events;

3. creation of a tourism development fund;

4. construction of a brand hotel in the Issyk-Kul region; 5) development of small aviation.

6.4. Mining

Mining development should focus on the efficient development of deposits, subject to compliance with environmental legislation. It is necessary to ensure the improvement of the mechanism for licensing activities, monitoring activities and environmental rehabilitation of disturbed territories, optimizing the relations of subsoil users with the budget, local communities, and stakeholders in the field of environmental protection.

It is necessary to review the current legislation for maximum harmonization with international standards in the field of environmental protection, including reviewing the mechanism for forming the total cost of reclamation work in terms of determining the adequacy of funds for carrying out reclamation in full. Projects in the mining sector must introduce modern mining technologies with minimal impact on the environment.

Unlicensed deposits of national importance will be developed taking into account the best global practices by a state (national) mining company and, if necessary, with the involvement of investors.

Unlicensed mineral deposits that are not included in the register of subsoil plots of national importance can be developed by investors with the provision of a state share (with the exception of such minerals as sand and gravel materials and loam).

State participation in mining projects provides the population and investors with guarantees of successful development and reduces political risks. On the other hand, such a share of participation will preserve the independence of the project from excessive government interference. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure transparency in the distribution of financial resources to budgets of all levels, including regional development funds.

Assistance will be provided in resuming the activities of idle enterprises.

Projects:

1. development of the Subsoil Code of the Kyrgyz Republic; 

2. effective development of existing fields (Terek, Terekkan, Perevalnoye, etc.) and commissioning of new fields (Andash, Taldy-Bulak, Togolok, Chaarat, etc.); 

3. implementation of large projects for the development of mineral deposits;

4. implementation of a digital solution to ensure rational, transparent use of funds coming from the mining industry.

6.5. Light industry

An important step in the development of light industry should be the formation of sustainable demand with the prospect of entering international markets, creating conditions for the development and increasing the competitiveness of light industry products in the Kyrgyz Republic.

It is necessary to maintain existing benefits for the clothing sector while simultaneously considering the possibility of reducing the fiscal burden on imported raw materials (fabrics and accessories).

Large cluster production will be launched with government support. It is necessary to introduce a mechanism for attracting an international investor from among well-known brands to locate their production on the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic, which will allow in the future to form their own culture of producing light industrial goods based on advanced technologies with the formation of their own “Kyrgyz brand”.

Motivational conditions will be created for the formation of large clothing production facilities that will ensure high productivity, a wide range of products and volumes in demand by retail chains of the EAEU member states.

An important motivating factor for the creation of medium and large enterprises will be the introduction of leasing of industrial equipment on preferential terms, as well as the provision of industrial territories with access to the necessary energy resources and utility networks, as well as a package of permits.

In order to increase employment, conditions will be created for the development of light industry at the regional level; specialized industrial territories with a package of permits will be offered. Regional development funds will become sources of financing for the formation of such industrial territories in the regions.

The Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic will be tasked with launching projects on the basis of public-private partnership for the construction and launch of full-fledged laboratories for assessing the quality of light industry products.

Projects:

1. launch of large cluster production;

2. launch of at least 3 industrial zones, including in the regions; 

3. construction of industrial parks;

4. construction and launch of laboratories for assessing the quality of light industry products;

5. attracting an international investor from among well-known brands to locate their production on the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic.

VII. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

7.1. Sociocultural development, formation of civic identity

The Kyrgyz Republic has colossal, but not fully realized, sociocultural potential. It was the sociocultural foundations that allowed us to survive as an ethnic group and form our modern statehood.

In the context of rapid changes in the awareness, worldview and consciousness of the people, it is important to educate the country’s citizens on the basis of national and universal values, to form a national and civic identity, and civic culture.

With all the diversity of peoples and representation of cultures, the strategic goal of the development of the Kyrgyz Republic is to create an environment of religious tolerance, interpenetration and enrichment of cultures, peaceful coexistence and respect for views.

Achieving the goal will be realized through the formation and promotion of a unifying civic identity - Kyrgyz Zharany, based on the spiritual and moral values ​​of the people of Kyrgyzstan.

The state will pay special attention to introducing citizens to the traditional values ​​of the people and their desire for global innovation, deep knowledge and love for the Motherland, people, the Kyrgyz heroic epic “Manas” and other spiritual and moral values, age-old traditions. The project “Spiritual, moral and physical education of the individual” will be implemented.

The basic principles are based on the sociocultural diversity of public identities in the Kyrgyz Republic, expanding and strengthening communications between them. The media project “I am Kyrgyz Zharany” will be implemented, aimed at developing the civic identity and civic awareness of “Kyrgyz Zharany”.

The educational and cultural policy of the state will include the spiritual, moral and physical education of the individual. Subjects on ethical, aesthetic and physical education will be introduced into educational programs.

To develop civic, social, spiritual, moral and other competencies in children, as well as to attract talented teaching staff into the education system who are capable of carrying out the educational process at a high level, the “Chest of Ancestors” project will be implemented.

To revive the Kyrgyz philosophical and historical school, create a platform for analysis and self-identification of historical and cultural heritage, and develop spiritual and moral values, the “Daanyshman” project will be implemented.

Various religious associations are currently operating in the Kyrgyz Republic. The principle will be observed that does not allow the establishment of any religion as a state or compulsory one, ensuring the separation of religion and all cults from the state, prohibiting the interference of religious associations and clergy in the activities of state bodies.

An environment for the development of dialogue and religious tolerance will be created, religious associations will carry out activities aimed at preserving tolerance, unity and diversity of cultures.

Measures will be developed to carry out explanatory and preventive work among believers in order to increase religious literacy, education and prevent conflicts on religious grounds.

The program for the development of the state language will be a mandatory element of state policy. The Kyrgyz language should become a tool for integration and communication of different identities. Accordingly, opportunities for stimulating and motivating citizens to master the Kyrgyz language will be expanded, methods will be adapted, and the quality of teaching the Kyrgyz language will improve. At the same time, the role and status of the Russian language remain unshakable, and opportunities for learning foreign languages, primarily English, have been expanded.

Building creative potential will be another pillar of the development of sociocultural foundations. Culture and art will be included in the list of priorities, but at the same time, work formats must change. The guideline is the preservation of heritage and the generation of new national cultural products. Projects will be implemented aimed at transforming the Kyrgyz Republic into a regional innovation center of traditional spirituality, art, and art industry.

In matters of developing the cultural basis of the country, it is necessary to actively involve the public and business. Through public-private partnership formats in the field of culture and art, it is necessary to stimulate the emergence of many public places for creative and professional self-realization.

The country's capabilities for hosting international events in the field of culture and art have not been disclosed. The first project will be the creation and holding of an international ethnocultural music festival of nomadic peoples. It is necessary to form an image of the Kyrgyz Republic at the international level, which will become the basis for promoting our contribution to world culture and at the same time will solve the problems of integrating compatriots abroad. The “Ala-Too” media project and the “Kyrgyz Aalamy” program will be aimed at this.

The sociocultural policy of the state will be based on strengthening the institution of family. Schools of motherhood and family strengthening should be created that are as close and friendly as possible to mothers, especially young and inexperienced ones, and their children. The implementation of projects to eradicate the negative practices of forced and early marriages and domestic violence will also continue; conditions will be created for the harmonious combination of work and family responsibilities for women and men, promoting the principles of responsible parenthood, maternal and paternity protection, family values ​​based on harmonious upbringing and respect for all family members.

Technologies, programs and standards of cultural services will be developed in order to strengthen statehood, civic identity and develop tolerance. The use of modern digital technologies will provide access to cultural services.

Projects:

1. the project “I am Kyrgyz Zharany”, aimed at developing civic identity;

2. project "Daanyshman";

3. global media project “Ala-Too”;

4. project “Kyrgyz Aalamy”;

5. creation and holding of an international ethnocultural music festival of nomadic peoples;

6. the Sherine project, which will be aimed at strengthening interregional ties;

7. implementation of the Concept of State Policy of the Kyrgyz Republic in the religious sphere for 2021-2026;

8. project “Umai Ene”;

9. project “Cult of the Chest of Ancestors”;

10. project "Kuttuu el";

11. project “Men – emgekchilmin”;

12. project “Dinim – Menin Tiregim”;

13. “Uluttuk Muras Borboru” project;

14. project “History of people - history of the country.”

7.2. Healthy nation

Currently, the development of a program for fundamental changes in the field of health care is required. The situation with COVID-19 has revealed several systemic areas in healthcare that need updating.

In this direction, it is necessary to strengthen primary health care services using modern innovative and information approaches. There are two components here: modernizing and equipping local family medicine centers and improving the qualifications of doctors and nurses, including using remote forms. It is advisable to create conditions for wider involvement of business in this process of providing services.

Ensuring comprehensive patient management and the provision of integrated medical and social services will be ensured by introducing an electronic patient medical record at the primary health care (PHC) level and integrated into all levels of medical care. The “Digital Health Passport” project will be implemented.

There is a need to update and modernize emergency medical services. The issues of material and technical renewal, advanced training and attracting the best personnel are also acute here. It is advisable to review the logistics scheme for localizing ambulance stations using digital technologies.

Consider strengthening maternal and child health care, preventing premature mortality and disability from cardiovascular diseases and cancer, and combating infectious diseases as priority areas for public investment. In these areas, government policy measures will include the introduction of new modern technologies, new capacities of healthcare organizations and the modernization of existing ones, the expansion of laboratory diagnostic services in the regions through public-private partnerships, the introduction of international quality standards and the optimization of laboratory services.

The public health service will be modernized with the expansion of its functions, prevention and sanitary and epidemiological surveillance will be strengthened with the involvement of local authorities and other government bodies. A unified digital national system for assessing and managing health risks will be created, which will allow for regular analysis and assessment of the current epidemiological situation in the country. On its basis, technologies will appear for modeling and forecasting various scenarios for the spread of diseases, epidemics and developing recommendations for their prevention and reduction of negative consequences. A digital National Health Card will be developed and implemented.

It is necessary to develop a system for training and retraining epidemiologists of a new format who will be able to model and forecast the epidemiological situation at the national and regional levels.

Achieving effective public health management involves the development of a new program for the development of public health services, as well as the reorganization of existing public health organizations into the Institute of Public Health. To improve the quality of public health services provided, new packages of preventive services at the population level, including standards for their delivery, must be developed and implemented.

The work of infection control and epidemiological surveillance should not be formal, especially during an epidemic. It needs to be radically revised, ensuring safe working conditions for medical workers, as well as for the public when receiving medical procedures.

It is necessary to form a biosafety system in the country. An appropriate regulatory framework must be created. It is necessary to develop scientific and production potential for timely prevention, detection and regulation of epidemics. The development of medical science must be in conditions of integration with the international scientific community. It is necessary to develop a response system for the healthcare system at all levels of medical services in cases of epidemics and emergencies.

It is necessary to regularly operate mobile outpatient diagnostic centers, especially in hard-to-reach and remote regions of the country.

A broad information and communication strategy will be developed and implemented to develop skills and knowledge among the population about the possibilities of a healthy lifestyle and disease prevention, the responsibility of each person for his own health and the health of his loved ones. It will also require the development of disease prevention and prevention measures, starting from the moment of birth. Particular attention will be paid to the health of children, adolescents, young people, and pregnant women.

It is necessary to develop school medicine integrated with the primary level of medical care. Nutritious school meals should be provided in conditions that are safe for children.

It is necessary to develop among mothers, as well as pregnant women, basic skills and knowledge on the care and development of children, early detection of developmental defects leading to disability in children, on socio-psychological approaches to raising children and strengthening the family.

National regulatory frameworks for physical education and culture with a system of incentive measures will be promoted. The principles of public-private partnership will be widely implemented in the creation of physical culture and sports infrastructure, increasing the investment attractiveness of the physical culture and sports industry by creating a preferential favorable environment for the development of businesses investing in the infrastructure of physical culture and sports.

It is necessary to create conditions for the physical development of citizens, including older and older people, with their maximum possible coverage.

An incentive for a positive change in the behavior of the country's citizens should be the introduction of health insurance mechanisms with differentiated tariffs depending on commitment to a healthy lifestyle, including reducing the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, salt and sugar-containing products, as well as increasing physical activity.

The principles and mechanisms of financing the healthcare system will be changed. Two solutions are proposed here - widespread involvement of business in the provision of healthcare services and a transition to a real mechanism for financing patients - “money follows the patient.” Every citizen can use their funds of their choice in any medical institution, regardless of the form of ownership. This will encourage competition within the system. In this regard, the principles of functioning of the Compulsory Health Insurance Fund under the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Kyrgyz Republic (MHIF) will be revised.

In the Kyrgyz Republic, it is necessary to create a market for rehabilitation services and a social and environmental infrastructure that will help people with disabilities (PWDs) overcome physical and psychological barriers to recovery. The need for socialization and integration into society of children with disabilities, their comprehensive coverage and support in educational, development, social protection, as well as physical education and sports institutions will also be taken into account.

It is necessary to develop and implement a training system for rehabilitation specialists based on vocational education, including primary education. It is necessary to provide for the possibility of training rehabilitation and habilitation specialists at the expense of budgetary funds using the capabilities of relevant national and international professional associations; a training and methodological center should be created to develop innovative approaches to providing rehabilitation services to the population. It is necessary to radically reform the technologies and work of medical and social expert commissions with a focus on rehabilitation.

It is necessary to begin preparations for the demographic crisis – the aging of the population. The possibility of providing income tax benefits to non-governmental healthcare organizations or social entrepreneurs providing medical and social services to persons with disabilities, elderly citizens or persons with temporary disabilities requiring care will be considered.

The mechanisms for licensing and accreditation of organizations providing medical and social services for the care of persons with disabilities, including children and elderly citizens, nursing care services, etc. should be radically revised. It is necessary to introduce a certification system for personnel providing medical and social care services, focusing on qualified knowledge and skills. It is necessary to develop a system of training and retraining of qualified workers in medical and social care through state employment programs.

It is necessary to revive the traditional principles of environmental friendliness and sensitivity to nature among the population. A national youth project “Ecodefender” will be created, which is designed to develop the image of a person living in harmony with nature and intolerant of environmental pollution. It is necessary to promote environmental education and training from the level of kindergartens and schools by including in the content of education issues of climate change, energy efficiency, the use of renewable energy sources, environmental safety, emergency prevention and the principles of a green economy.

Mechanisms for greater participation in the health sector need to be offered to businesses. Guarantees of long-term contracts must be provided for businessmen who will participate in the program.

Projects:

1. reform of medical education in the Kyrgyz Republic for 2022-2026;

2. construction of perinatal centers in the cities of Bishkek, Talas, Osh;

3. program to improve the quality of primary health care services;

4. creation of a unified digital national system for assessing and managing health risks;

5. Ecodefender Project;

6. project “Ozundon bashta”;

7. project “Digital National Health Card”;

8. project “Digital Health Passport”.

7.3. Educated nation

Education is one of the most powerful tools for poverty reduction and economic growth. The state must provide conditions for the development of an education system that must meet the needs of the time and be of high quality and accessible to everyone. Issues of inclusive and lifelong education should be considered at all levels of the educational process and cover different stages of a person’s life.

It is necessary to double the coverage of preschool education. For these purposes, innovative approaches and methodologies will be used. Along with traditional kindergartens, by attracting private investment and using public-private partnership mechanisms, child development centers, family and community kindergartens, children's adaptation centers, evening and weekend centers for children will be launched. As part of the Program, a comprehensive child development center will be launched in every city of the country on the basis of municipal assets, through government investment and co-financing of businesses.

In order to develop preschool education services, with varying variability capable of providing services in conditions of an epidemic or the introduction of restrictions, it is necessary to review the system of licensing and accreditation of preschool education services. The guidelines for the activities of such preschool institutions should be the standards of early childhood development and the transition to regulating the provision of services.

When revising the regulatory framework, one should take into account the opportunity for the development of small and medium-sized businesses to provide a variety of preschool services, especially among women. At the same time, it is necessary to provide a system of certification of personnel for the provision of preschool services with a focus on the standards of early childhood development. The system of training and retraining of preschool teaching staff should also be revised with a focus on certification of qualifications and knowledge.

The most important area of ​​work of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic will be the support and development of primary schools, where the main investments will be directed.

The main measures should be support for teachers and educators. Wages will be increased and a preferential mortgage program will be introduced to resolve housing purchase issues. Active media work should be carried out to improve the status of the teacher.

Systematic training courses for teachers will be offered. The system of teacher training and advanced training will be reviewed in order to improve the quality of education services. The teacher training system will be reviewed in order to improve the quality of education services. At the system level, it is necessary to train high-quality personnel with the involvement of younger generation teachers.

The content and structure of educational standards for the school as a whole will be revised. It is necessary to identify mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and information technology as key, priority subjects. Educational and methodological complexes in these subjects will be updated by adapting the best international practices. It is necessary to test new modern methods of work, such as innovative projects, school technology parks, laboratories and the professionalization of school education. All schools must test student achievement on a regular basis. The generalized test results of schools should be publicly available, which will increase the responsibility of schools to society and stimulate the development of new techniques.

In addition, approaches and technologies for online education must be radically revised taking into account the post-Covid lessons learned, and educational and methodological materials in all areas of education, adapted to electronic format, have been prepared. National digital dictations should be conducted on an annual basis to assess basic knowledge and skills in demand in the labor market and in obtaining government services.

The education system should actively introduce technologies, reading programs and the acquisition of knowledge and skills on electronic media.

Given the outdated school infrastructure and the physical shortage of educational facilities due to limited financial resources, greater involvement of business in the field of preschool and school education is necessary. It is necessary to consider the issue of corporate tax exemption for businesses investing in education.

It is necessary to abandon the policy of building small schools, as an irrational approach to the use of resources, and move to modern educational complexes. Transportation of schoolchildren to and from places of study will be provided on special school buses. The change in approach will be accompanied by the widespread implementation of the principles of per capita financing according to the principle “budget money follows the student.” Pilot projects on financial and administrative autonomy of schools will be introduced.

The situation with COVID-19 has revealed the acute problem of access to education during crises, as well as the problem of alternative approaches in general. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the process of digitalization of education. In each region, the issue of access to high-speed broadband Internet for households will be resolved, regardless of place of residence and income level.

In each region, new educational integrated organizations will be created - “Kyrgyz Lyceums”, where an innovative approach of openness to technologies for the education and development of children will be introduced. Based on these lyceums, a variety of educational initiatives and their free choice will be introduced from the preschool period to secondary school education with specialized, qualified, professional skills and knowledge. Kyrgyz lyceums will take into account the developmental characteristics of children, taking into account individual needs, as well as the sociocultural foundations of civic identity. On the basis of lyceums, variability in the choice of programs and languages ​​of instruction, and the professional development of children in grades 10-11 will be introduced.

In the cities of Osh and Karakol, in the Chui region, with the support of the Russian Federation, Dostuk schools with instruction in Russian and a natural science profile will be built. There will be increased emphasis on the system of primary vocational and secondary vocational education.

The labor market is experiencing an acute shortage of blue-collar skills. It is necessary to introduce the practice of direct interaction between business structures and companies, including government ones, with professional educational institutions. The content and methods of professional training must be relevant and meet the requirements of the time.

It is necessary to conduct an audit of all higher educational institutions, of which there are more than 50 in the country. Universities that do not meet high educational standards must be closed. In parallel with this, the principles of financing and setting tariffs for education in universities must change. Higher education institutions are obliged to strengthen their research activities - without this it is impossible to guarantee the relevance and quality of the knowledge transferred. University management will be trained in marketing and promotion of university science products, as well as modern fundraising technologies to attract extra-budgetary sources of funding.

It will be necessary to develop a regulatory framework to strengthen the autonomy of universities in making decisions on the use of funds raised from extra-budgetary funding sources for the development of university science. University science should become an active part of the international scientific community and global, regional scientific research. It is especially important to support areas of a technical, medical and social nature.

Special training programs for the development of digital skills and knowledge with appropriate technical and methodological support should be developed for employees of the education, health and social protection systems.

Projects:

1. the “Income from the Future” project is a project for outreach work, as well as the creation of a positive image and lifestyle of a person investing in education;

2. the project “Universities - Innovators” - a project to integrate university science and scientists into the sustainable innovative development of the country;

3. the Dostuk school is a general education organization with instruction in Russian and an enhanced natural science profile;

4. “Kyrgyz Lyceums” school is a general education organization with an enhanced career guidance component;

5. project “Kitep Olkosu”;

6. project “Mugalim – momoluu darak”;

7. Project "Digital Education Bulletin".

7.4. Inclusive growth

There are noticeable gaps in government policy in creating favorable conditions to ensure the quality of life and equality of opportunity for all groups of the country's population.

There are significant gaps in economic opportunity along gender lines. Over 60 percent of women are involved in informal labor relations. A negative trend is observed among women in the 20-29 age group, where the highest unemployment rate is observed.

It is necessary to ensure the expansion of women's economic rights and increase their representation at the decision-making level. Legislative norms for quotas and representation of women in elected bodies of the state and municipal government system must be preserved. It is also necessary to strengthen positions on the representation of women at the executive level.

It is necessary to begin the revival and formation of the image of “Kurmanjan-Datka” among the current generation of women. There should be special projects and programs to encourage the involvement of girls in the preschool education system, especially in hard-to-reach and remote regions of the country.

It is necessary to introduce targeted projects to support women in science. Separate programs will be created and implemented to develop digital skills among women.

A regulatory framework will be created for the introduction of a quota system for the representation of women to receive vocational technical education on a free basis, including IT specialists. Such government support should cover training both within and outside the country.

The issue of creating a Fund for Future Generations will be considered, the purpose of which is to provide financial support for the early development of children and youth. The source of financing for the Fund will be part of the funds from the extraction and exploitation of non-renewable resources extracted in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic.

It is necessary to gradually and gradually monetize the unpaid work of women - mothers, recognizing their fundamental role in shaping future generations. Payment will be gradually introduced to mothers for child care up to 3 years of age, subject to vaccination of children and monitoring them in family medicine centers, as well as regular monitoring of the health of the woman herself.

In order to support the poor and low-income segments of the population, social contract mechanisms will be introduced through the allocation of microcredit financing and the provision of equipment for leasing. This program will be closely interconnected with the cluster development of the relevant territories.

To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, one of the priority areas of state policy will be strengthening and developing the institution of the family, as well as increasing the level of family well-being. In this case, the main goal will be to ensure the rights and interests of every child, as well as support for children and families in difficult life situations.

It is necessary to continue work aimed at eradicating the negative practices of forced and early marriage, especially in relation to children under the age of marriage, and domestic violence.

Conditions will be created for the harmonious combination of work and family responsibilities for women and men, promoting the principles of responsible parenthood, maternal and paternity protection, family values ​​based on harmonious upbringing and respect for all family members.

Separately, the issues of exploitation of child labor, rehabilitation of victims of domestic violence, their support and subsequent integration into social processes should be considered.

Measures will be implemented to change approaches to defining and solving disability problems in accordance with international standards and norms.

Overall, the social protection system will be assessed and a comprehensive social protection strategy will be developed, covering all elements of the system, including wages, social insurance, government benefits, social services and employment promotion measures. A fair and effective social protection system will be formed, guaranteeing everyone minimum levels of social protection, especially in the event of social risks (disability, old age, loss of a breadwinner, loss of work (unemployment), temporary disability, work injury, illness, occupational disease, death).

Effective measures will be implemented to reduce child poverty, as one of the main indicators of the development and education of a healthy generation capable of meeting all emerging challenges in the future.

Projects:

1. Ayalzat schools;

2. project "Social Contract";

3. project “Women's leadership in science and IT”;

4. project "Kurmanjan-Datka".

7.5. Social services market

Eliminating the social consequences after the pandemic is impossible without developing the social services market. Demographic trends of population aging oblige us to reconsider approaches to the development of the social services market, which requires improvement of legislation.

It is necessary to develop a draft law on social services that provides for the variability of care services, including long-term care, basic state guarantees, the introduction of a capitation system for financing services, and the use of a contractual system for the provision of services with the right to choose. The law should also revise the status of a social worker, the functional content of his work with variability in the scope of work, and the payment system based on the functional load.

It is also necessary to provide for the regime of activity of social workers in emergency situations and states of emergency, military conflicts and other situations that pose a threat to the life and health of social workers. It is necessary to revise the system for assessing needs and requirements for social services based on the use of digital technologies.

It is also necessary to legislate the institution of social entrepreneurship as one of the important areas in the economy, solving key problematic social issues. Social entrepreneurship involves, along with the development of the social services market, also the employment of people with disabilities, parents of children with disabilities, women and members of low-income families.

At the same time, the mechanisms for licensing and accreditation of organizations providing social services for the care of children and families in difficult life situations, persons with disabilities and elderly citizens should be reviewed with a focus on the quality of service delivery. To develop the social services market, it is necessary to introduce a personnel certification system focusing on qualified knowledge and skills.

A system of training and retraining of qualified care workers providing social services should be created through state employment programs. At the same time, the system of training and retraining of qualified labor forces in the social services market involves the involvement of business, non-state training institutions, and professional associations.

There should be special government programs to support social entrepreneurship and develop the social services market. The mechanisms of PPP and state social procurement also need to be used when providing social services to vulnerable categories of citizens.

It is necessary to revise the standards for the provision of services, their financing, with a focus on the development results of children with disabilities or who find themselves in difficult life situations, persons with disabilities, elderly citizens and other representatives of socially vulnerable segments of the population. There must be a transition from a state monopoly to the development of a market for social protection services based on a consolidated and integrated financing approach.

The introduction of a voucher system of financing in the provision of social services will provide basic government guarantees, as well as consolidate and mobilize other sources of financing. There should be a purchase of basic social services, regardless of the form of ownership, but with variability in the technologies for their provision. This will be achieved through the implementation of the principle “money follows the person”, when every citizen will be free to choose a service provider.

Also, through the mechanisms of state social order and continuing education, promoting employment and supporting socially vulnerable segments of the population, programs for the development of digital literacy among recipients of guaranteed basic social services should be introduced.

A digital ecosystem of healthcare services, education, social protection and culture will be developed and implemented based on a digital social passport, which should reflect all information about the socio-economic status of a citizen based on an identification card. This passport will also include information from digital passports of health, education and social protection, and culture, under due conditions for the protection of personal data. The need to collect certificates, restrictions on access to basic social services at the place of registration, and bureaucracy when receiving social services will be eliminated.

Projects:

1. project “Social Entrepreneur”;

2. “Digital Social Passport” project;

3. draft Law on Social Services;

4. formation of a system of training and retraining of qualified care workers providing social services.

VIII. FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL SECURITY

8.1. Ensuring key national security priorities

In order to develop a modern system of views, ideas and principles for protecting individuals, society and the state from external and internal security threats in all spheres of life, the current National Security Concept of the Kyrgyz Republic will be revised.

In order to ensure the timely adoption of preventive measures aimed at anticipating threats to national security, it is necessary at the legislative level to vest national security bodies and individual units of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic with the authority to carry out the necessary intelligence and counterintelligence activities.

At the same time, the priority area of ​​activity of the national security agencies will be the elimination of threats to the country's national security, including international terrorism, religious extremism, separatism, interethnic contradictions, transnational crime, international drug trafficking and cybercrime.

The results in this direction include the approval of the National Security Concept of the country, which corresponds to modern realities, the adoption of the laws “On Foreign Intelligence Activities” and “On Counterintelligence Activities,” which should ultimately lead to the creation of an effective system for ensuring national security in the country.

Projects:

1. adoption of the National Security Concept;

2. Law “On Foreign Intelligence Activities”;

3. Law “On Counterintelligence Activities”.

8.2. Ensuring military security

The current state of interstate relations, as well as the intensification of the activities of terrorist organizations, indicate a real possibility of the emergence of military conflicts both in the Central Asian region and in other regions, with the participation of allied states in various military-political blocs, which creates a real threat to the involvement of the Kyrgyz Republic.

This circumstance requires a revision of the previously approved Military Doctrine of the Kyrgyz Republic. As part of the revision of the Military Doctrine, existing threats will be adjusted.

At the same time, the existing mechanisms for the formation of a mobilization reserve will be significantly revised, as well as the procedure for providing those liable for military service with a mobilization reserve, especially in border areas.
Particular attention will be paid to the creation of reserves of weapons, material and technical means and medicines necessary to ensure the functioning of the Armed Forces and other military formations in conditions of emergency and martial law.

A key aspect of ensuring military security will be the restoration of the country's military-industrial potential.

At the first stage, existing enterprises of the military-industrial complex (hereinafter referred to as the military-industrial complex) must be restored, which will have to ensure, within the framework of the state order, the production of ammunition necessary for the Armed Forces and other military formations.

In addition, on the basis of these enterprises, a production base will be recreated that can ensure the repair of military equipment and weapons in service.
As part of the second stage, it is necessary to create conditions for increasing the capacity of both existing military-industrial complex enterprises and creating new production enterprises for organizing the production of modern weapons, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), high-precision small arms, as well as new types of ammunition.

To ensure the above objectives, the following activities will be implemented.

A new edition of the Military Doctrine of the Kyrgyz Republic will be developed and approved.

The organization of training of citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic for military service and mobilization reserve for the Armed Forces and other military formations will be reviewed.

Through the adoption of the state program for the development of the military-industrial complex “Kyrgyz Kural”, the activities of military-industrial complex enterprises will be resumed and the state order of military products will be ensured.

The Armed Forces and other military formations will be provided with the necessary military equipment, small arms and ammunition.

The required quantities of supplies and medicines will be formed in the state mobilization reserve, including weapons and ammunition.

The implementation of these measures will allow, within the framework of the Military Doctrine of the Kyrgyz Republic, to ensure the protection of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and constitutional order of the Kyrgyz Republic.

Projects:

1. adoption of the Military Doctrine;

2. adoption of the State Program for the Revival of the Military-Industrial Complex “Kyrgyz Kural” until 2026;

3. adoption of the Concept of state policy on crime prevention.

8.3. Border security

The state of border security has a direct impact on territorial integrity, the formation of foreign policy vectors, social stability, economic development, the information field and other spheres of the state.

The incompleteness of the process of delimitation and demarcation of borders is a determining factor shaping external and internal threats to border security of the Kyrgyz Republic.

Ensuring border security has national significance, its own goals and continuous nature. The effectiveness of the functioning of the entities involved in this process is achieved by the timely and coordinated adoption of a set of measures, both specific border and political, economic, legal, diplomatic, digital, organizational, administrative, information, intelligence, counterintelligence, operational investigative, customs, environmental, sanitary epidemiological, spiritual and cultural and others.

The most important task of ensuring border security of the Kyrgyz Republic is the development of a state border protection system capable of timely and effectively identifying risk trends and countering possible threats and risks on the state border and border territory.
As medium-term development priorities for this stage of improving the state’s border security system, the following is necessary:

1. legal registration of the state border, improvement of the regulatory legal framework, regulation of the activities of state bodies and local governments of the Kyrgyz Republic to ensure border security;

2. creation of modern and modernization of existing border infrastructure, as well as conditions for the legal free movement of people, goods, vehicles and cargo across the state border, in order to respond to challenges and threats to border security;

3. provision of modern weapons, military and special equipment, high-tech and multifunctional automated systems for technical monitoring of the situation on the state border and border control, standardized vehicles ensuring high mobility of units guarding the border, as well as complex equipment of facilities, integrated systems of engineering and technical protection (technical security and television surveillance equipment, access control systems), communication systems, etc.;

4. improving the system of education, training and retraining of personnel, increasing social security, ensuring professional growth.

Projects:

1. adoption of a new Action Plan for the implementation of the National Strategy for the creation and implementation of a system of integrated management of the state border of the Kyrgyz Republic until 2026;

2. implementation of the development program for the Batken region until 2035.

8.4. Foreign policy

In the field of foreign policy of the Kyrgyz Republic, targeted and multifaceted work will continue, focused on strengthening state sovereignty and independence, protecting territorial integrity, ensuring security, defense capability, economic development of the country and protecting the rights of Kyrgyz citizens abroad.

Particular attention will be focused on solving the problems and challenges that the country faced after the October events of 2020 and in connection with the negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic on public health, the economy and other areas of the state.

The country's foreign policy will not change and will remain consistent, predictable and pragmatic. Foreign policy work is intensifying to promote national interests in international cooperation within the framework of multilateral and bilateral diplomacy. The country's positive foreign policy image will be actively promoted.

At a qualitatively new level, the country’s participation in the work of 124 international organizations and integration associations (UN, EAEU, CIS, CSTO, SCO, CCTS, OSCE, etc.) will be ensured in order to implement foreign policy priorities. In cooperation with the UN, program and project cooperation will be expanded to achieve sustainable development goals at the national level, combat the coronavirus pandemic, adapt to climate change, etc.

Cooperation with 165 foreign states will continue in accordance with the generally recognized principles of interstate relations and international law, enshrined in the UN Charter, and with full consideration of existing mutual obligations in bilateral and multilateral formats. Diplomatic relations will be established with new countries.

The priority in foreign policy is to strengthen and develop comprehensive cooperation in the spirit of good neighborliness with the countries of Central Asia, strategic allies and partner states in the CSTO and the EAEU. Negotiations will continue with neighboring states in order to complete the delimitation and demarcation of the state border, create a space of indivisible security and restore an atmosphere of trust in the Central Asian region.

Cooperation with the countries of Asia, the Arab East, America, Europe and the European Union will systematically develop, with an emphasis on foreign trade cooperation, attracting grants, direct investments, and tourists. Economic diplomacy will also be aimed at improving and ensuring access of domestic producers to foreign markets.

IX. SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES

9.1. Urban modernization

Demographic, social, and economic processes require the formation of urban agglomerations and adjacent support areas. These processes should take place around key cities that form the territorial framework of the country. To implement the “cities as growth points” approach, comprehensive urban modernization will be required. Within the framework of the Program, the main efforts will be focused on the following areas.

Systematic work on urban modernization should begin with updating or developing master plans for urban development. It is necessary to pay special attention to the development of central and historical parts of cities, taking into account the preservation of the architectural appearance and cultural heritage. Cities should develop taking into account convenience and comfort for living.

It is necessary to develop environmentally sustainable public transport using electric traction and gas engine fuel. Public transport of large and medium capacity must serve at least 80 percent of the city's passenger traffic.

It is necessary to update and launch water supply and sanitation systems using the most modern technologies. Most cities need the construction of wastewater treatment systems; existing infrastructures need radical renovation.

In all regional centers, the systems for providing outdoor lighting in cities will be modernized. The key areas should be the transition to energy-saving technologies and automation of outdoor lighting control.

A waste management program will be initiated in all urban settlements. Issues of recycling waste, minimizing its formation, safe collection, processing and neutralization must be systematically resolved throughout the country.

Every city in the republic should implement a “Safe City” project, which includes components of road safety and public safety and integration with the national system.

In each city, the functioning of a public service center will be launched and the maximum automation of the provision of services to the population for obtaining certificates and permits will be launched.

Projects:

1. implementation of the program for the development of master plans for settlements of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2018-2025;
    
2. expansion of the Safe City project;
    
3. project "Public Transport";
    
4. program "Engineering infrastructure of cities"; 5) program “Sustainable waste management”.

9.2. Environmental sustainability and climate change

The strategic goal of the state is to create an environment favorable for human life by preserving the unique natural ecosystems of the Kyrgyz Republic and rational use of natural resources.

The first step in environmental policy should be measures to minimize the negative environmental consequences of the activities of industrial and economic facilities, and increase the efficiency of requirements and incentives for environmental protection.

It is necessary to develop and support environmentally oriented business, integrate the principles of a “green” economy into sectoral policies, and introduce low-waste, resource-saving technologies.

Priority actions should be aimed at reducing the volume of industrial waste by taking measures for recycling, reuse, and safe disposal. It is necessary to stimulate the transition to alternative energy sources and improve the energy efficiency of the technologies used to reduce emissions in the heating and utilities sector. Control over wastewater treatment plants of cities and economic entities, especially those located in the coastal zone of Lake Issyk-Kul, will be strengthened, with support for the introduction of modern technologies. At the same time, an important role should be given to informing and involving the public in the problem of safe waste disposal.

Taking into account the threat that tailings dumps pose due to their poor protection from natural disasters and proximity to the main waterways of the region and populated areas, work on reclamation of the territories will continue. The regulatory framework will be improved and the regulatory infrastructure of the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of radiation safety will be strengthened.

State policy will be aimed at preserving and restoring the natural environment, ecosystems, preserving glaciers, landscapes and biological diversity. At the same time, it is necessary to expand specially protected natural areas that provide protection for various species of flora and fauna, especially species listed in the Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic.

Regulation of environmental management and environmental protection should be aimed at the integration and interaction of environmental factors and economic incentives. It is planned, on the one hand, to introduce a system for encouraging the most effective measures to reduce harmful impacts on the environment, and on the other hand, to establish economic barriers to activities that are ineffective from an environmental point of view.

To avoid increased degradation of forest ecosystems, measures will be taken to preserve growing forests and increase the area of ​​forest land.

Expanding the area of ​​green spaces is one of the key elements in reducing the risks of climate change, land degradation, and air pollution. Accordingly, it is necessary to adopt a long-term landscaping plan taking into account the uniform greening of the urban environment.

Significant urbanization and lack of proper planning have led to increased anthropogenic pressure on both urban infrastructure and urban ecosystems. It is necessary to develop a relatively environmentally friendly transport infrastructure and implement the Euro-5 standard.

Addressing disaster risk reduction issues in a changing climate must be comprehensive, taking into account future threats and hazards, and the development of new methods of forecasting and response.

In turn, the promotion of environmental education, upbringing and enlightenment on the principles of sustainable consumption and production, starting from the level of kindergartens and schools, will create a generation of citizens with a positive environmental outlook and awareness of responsibility for preserving the country’s natural resource potential.

As part of the implementation of international obligations, the formation of a legal framework for climate policy is required, which should cover specialized and sectoral legislation.
It is necessary to develop monitoring that will be based on national climate statistics and the implementation of a national MRV (monitoring, reporting and verification) system. Additionally, projects will be developed and implemented to mitigate climate change and aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Projects:

1. launch of the national system “Green Economy Standards”; 
    
2. launch of the Green Public Transport project;
    
3. approval of an action plan for the transition of government organizations (ministries and departments) to electric vehicles;
    
4. approval and implementation of the national plan for adaptation to climate change and development with low greenhouse gas emissions;
    
5. expanding the ecological network of specially protected natural areas and increasing its potential through an effective science-based approach to management planning;
    
6. implementation of the national program “Forest”;
    
7. implementation of the Interstate Target Program “Reclamation of the territories of states affected by uranium mining production”;
    
8. development of comprehensive measures for sustainable management of waste and secondary resources;
    
9. implementation of the project “Landslide Risk Management in the Kyrgyz Republic”;
    
10. strengthening the capacity to cope with natural disasters, including those related to climate change, through a comprehensive assessment and consideration of disaster risk reduction opportunities.

X. PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS 

10.1. Implementation process management

Successful implementation of the Program is possible only if there is political will and a consolidated position of all government bodies, and the development of common principles and executive mechanisms.
To implement the Program, it will be necessary to update the legislative framework and develop sectoral and territorial development programs. It is important that they fully agree with each other. After approval of the Program, it is planned to submit a package of legislative initiatives for consideration by the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic.

Given the complexity of the Program and limited internal resources, it is necessary to conduct consultations and enlist the support of development partners. Discussion of the Program and its implementation will form the basis for an annual dialogue with development partners.

A systematic dialogue will be built with the business community and the constructive civil sector. The purpose of such communications will be “partnership for development”, when the opinions and interests of society will be taken into account and it will be informed about the ongoing processes in the country.

For the purpose of prompt decision-making, other regulations for decision-making by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic will be approved.

The implementation of the Program will be aimed at achieving the long-term development goals of the Kyrgyz Republic until 2040, as well as the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.

For management efficiency, it is advisable to consider the issue of functioning on a permanent basis the councils created in crisis conditions.

The effectiveness of the implementation of this Program will be related to the practical implementation of projects. Therefore, a special institute will be created to prepare national business projects and programs.

The implementation of the Program must be accompanied by the most open information policy. On the one hand, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic will inform the public about ongoing activities, on the other hand, the public can provide feedback on the effectiveness of the policies being pursued.

The process of implementing the Program must be accompanied by continuous and large-scale training and advanced training of state and municipal employees.

Complete digitalization of Program management should become one of the distinctive characteristics and demonstrate the capabilities and effectiveness of using modern technological solutions.

Financial support for the implementation of this Program will be provided from various sources, including the state budget, support from development partners, business initiatives and investors.

Monitoring of the Program implementation will be built on an automated basis and supported by regular organizational activities.

10.2. Monitoring and evaluation

The effectiveness of the Program will be assessed on the basis of a system of target indicators, as well as official statistics that ensure monitoring of achievement or non-achievement of target indicators. For this purpose, a national monitoring system will be created that will provide both monitoring of progress during implementation and assessment of ongoing activities at the level of the Administration of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic. Given the high degree of integration and relevance of the Sustainable Development Goals indicators, the Program’s monitoring system will be based on the already built system for tracking SDG progress.

The progress of the Program implementation will be discussed quarterly at the level of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic. On an annual basis, a public review of the implementation of the Program will be held with the participation of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic, development partners, and representatives of the country's public. To obtain objective information about the quality of the Program implementation, civil society institutions will be involved.

The public control system must cover the functioning of all government bodies and local self-government. The influence of public councils of government agencies will be strengthened in order to ensure transparency and openness to the public, as well as to establish a constructive dialogue in the interests of the country's development.